排球的舉球賽局分析

在一個高階的排球比賽中，比賽的結果是大部分根據每一次攻擊手跟攔網球員對決結果的累積，每一次對決的結果除了攻擊手及攔網球員間的運動技能差異外，舉球員的舉球戰術策略就是關鍵。在實際的排球比賽中，攻擊的策略執行實際上是受到舉球員的舉球策略所引導，而攔網策略更是依據攻擊方舉球策略的預測來進行攔網策略的設定。本研究將針對排球比賽舉球員的舉球策略來建立賽局分析模式，提出舉球員對排球比賽結果的重要性，以及舉球員的能力對於排球比賽影響的程度。研究的結果顯示在兩方面：第一方面，經由賽局的混合策略均衡的分析，舉球員的最佳的舉球策略是在所能舉出球的型態中，採取一個均勻的分配，相對的，防守方最佳的攔網策略也是根據舉球員能舉出的球類型態的一個均勻分配；第二方面，排球比賽攻擊方的預期報酬會隨著舉球員舉球種類的增加而增加。從以上兩點結論發現，舉球員對於球隊的最大的影響是在於能舉出多少的型態的球給攻擊手攻擊，因此也定義出排球舉球員的能力就是在於精熟的舉出多少的型態的球種。

關鍵字

混合策略均衡；舉球策略；預期報酬；賽局理論

並列摘要

In a high level volleyballmatch, the result of a match is mostly based on the cumulative results of each confrontation from the spiker against the blockers. Each confrontation results not only from the difference of motor skills between the attacking and blocking players, but also from the tactical strategy of the setter. In an actual volleyball match, the attacking strategy execution is actually guided by the ball setting strategy of the setter, and the blocking strategy is set upon the prediction of ball setting strategy from the attacking team. This research was to set up the game analysis model for the ball setting strategy of the setter. The purposes of the study were to find out the importance of the setter to the result of the volleyball match, and the impact of the setter's capability can do in a volleyball match. The results of the study shown in two aspects. First, through the analysis of mixed strategy equilibrium, the optimal ball setting strategy for the setter was to take a uniform distribution from all the ball types that the setter can set, and accordingly, the optimal blocking strategy of the defensive team was also a uniform distribution from all the ball types that setter can set in the offensive team. Second, the expected payoffs increased with the number of ball types that the setter can set in the attacking team. The results of the study found that the most impact of the setter on the team is to set out more types of ball for the spikers. The ability of the setter was also defined as how many numbers of ball types that setter can set in the quality skills.

並列關鍵字

Mixed Strategy Equilibrium ； Ball Setting Strategy ； Expected Payoffs ； Game Theory

參考文獻

Driskill, R., &Vrooman, J., (2015). “Talent versus payroll as strategic variables in game theoretic models of sports leagues: response to Madden.” Journal of Sports Economics, DOI: 10.1177/1527002515593115.

Hirschmann, D., (2015). “May increasing doping sanctions discourage entry to the competition?”Journal of Sports Economics, DOI: 10.1177/1527002515595265.

呂宛蓁、楊振興 (2011)。從女排加入企業排球聯賽談未來營運策略。大專體育，114，48-53。