舊約中「易感的上帝」：士師記脈絡中的10:6-16

The ＂Vulnerable＂ God in the Old Testament: Judg 10:6-16 in the Context of the Book of the Judges

曾宗盛(Tsong-Sheng Tsan)

《台灣神學論刊》 29期 (2007/03) Pp. 35-59

https://doi.org/10.29756/TJT.200703.0003

摘要

上帝的「易感性」近年成為神學研究的重要主題，這易感性顯示不同於傳統的「不覺痛苦」的上帝觀。本文嘗試指出士師記10:6-16這位易感的上帝關心以色列人安危，雖然他們一再地背離他。首先，士10:6-16與2:11-19、3:7-11兩段經文的敘述模式有不少類似之處，都流露申命記歷史的風格。其次，士10:6-16敘述的情節在士師記的架構中顯得非常特別：一方面強調以色列人悔改，他們從服事外族神祇（10:6）中悔改，轉而服事雅威（10:16a）；另一方面突顯上帝的掙扎，他在拒絕拯救以色列人（10:13-14）或憐憫他們（10:16b）之間來回擺盪。其中重要的關鍵句是，10:16b以「上帝為以色列受苦而『生命變短』（qsr nepes）來表達上帝的憐憫。上帝掙扎在發怒與憐憫之間顯示上帝易感的特質。在本文結語中，作者提到士10:6-16這段經文的現代關連性。上帝易感的特質呈現出一個不平常的上帝觀，給予今日神學的反省一些啟發，相關的討論值得繼續深入探討。

關鍵字

士師記 ； 上帝觀 ； 易感性 ； 悔改 ； 申命記歷史

並列摘要

The ＂vulnerability＂ of God has become an important topic of theological research in recent years. This vulnerability points to a concept of God different from a more traditional one, namely the impassibility of God. This paper aims to demonstrate that Judg 10:6-16 presents a vulnerable God who cares about the welfare of the Israelites, even though they betray him again and again. First, Judg 10:6-16 shares a similar narrative structure with 2: 11-19 and3:7-11, representing Deuteronomistic style. Second, the narrative flow of Judg 10:6-16 is very particular within the structure of the Book of the Judges. On the one hand, the text emphasizes the repentance of the Israelites: they repent from serving foreign gods (10: 6) and turn to serve Yahweh (10: 16a). On the other hand, it articulates God's struggles: he is tom between refusing to save the Israelites (10: 13-14) or having mercy on them (10: 16b). The important key phrase here is in 10: 16b, which renders ＂God's life became short (qcr nepes) for the suffering of Israel＂ to describe the mercy of God. The struggle between his anger and mercy illustrates a characteristic of God's vulnerability. In concluding this paper, the author seeks to identify meanings of Judg 10:6-16 which are relevant for today. The concept of a vulnerable God is a remarkable one, which bestows some insights for theological reflection today.

並列關鍵字

the book of the Judges ； concept of God ； vulnerability ； repentance ； Deuteronomistic History