從哥特瓦爾德的馬克思主義觀點探討雅威宗教：以以色列進迦南和士師時代為例

A Study on Yahwism from the Perspective of Marxist Criticism by Norman K. Gottwald: Israel Entering Canaan and the Period of the Judges as a Case Study

厲盼盼(Pan-Pan Li)

《台灣神學論刊》 39期 (2014/12) Pp. 159-179

https://doi.org/10.29756/TJT.201412_(39).0006

摘要

哥特瓦爾德是一位傑出的馬克思主義聖經學者。他從結構功能主義和文化唯物主義角度出發，將雅威宗教還原到既定的社會文化基礎之中，將抽象的宗教研究轉向具體的宗教歷史處境研究。他採用綜合比較和跨文化分析方法，試圖結合文學社會學與科學社會學研究，不僅把現代以來聖經的科學研究推向嶄新的層次，也為馬克思主義與宗教的對話開闢了廣闊前景。本文以古以色列進入迦南和士師時代為例，從雅威宗教對古以色列部落制重現的影響、雅威宗教與公有的生產方式之間的關係入手，分析哥特瓦爾德如何採用馬克思主義方法，重構以雅威宗教為中心的古以色列社會歷史，從而實現了當代聖經研究方法範例的轉型。

關鍵字

哥特瓦爾德 ； 馬克思主義批評 ； 雅威宗教 ； 部落制重現 ； 公有生產方式

並列摘要

Norman K. Gottwald belongs to the rare breed of Marxist biblical scholars. He restores Yahwism to its unique social and cultural foundation, and puts the abstract religious studies into a particular historical environment, dawing on the perspective of structural functionalism and historical cultural materialism. He tries to blend the socio－literary approach and social－scientific theory together for interdisciplinary and cross－cultural insights. He not only takes modern scientific biblical criticism to a new level but also opens up a broad prospect for the dialogue between Marxism and religion. This paper uses the period when Israel entered Canaan through the period of the the Judges as a case study. It studies the influence of Yahwism on retribalization in early Israel and uses the relationship between Yahwism and the communitarian mode of production to analyze how Gottwald applies Marxism in biblical criticism to reconstruct the ancient Israelites society. Drawing on this case study, it identifies a paradigm transformation in contemporary biblical criticism.

並列關鍵字

Norman K. Gottwald ； Marxist criticism ； Yahwism ； retribalization ； communitarian mode of production