從後殖民的角度探討《絕島之咒》中「咒」的意涵

Interpreting Jue Dao Zhi Zhou (The Extinctive Mojo) from a Postcolonial Perspective

邱凱莉(Kai-li Chiu)

《台灣神學論刊》 42期 (2016/06) Pp. 105-130

https://doi.org/10.29756/TJT.201606_(42).0005

摘要

本文探討阿美族歷史學研究者Nakao Eki Pacidal小說《絕島之咒》中，「詛咒」的意涵。《絕島之咒》是當今台灣原住民族小說界中，第一本深入探討「詛咒」意涵的小說；目前學術界尚未有探討該小說的論文。作者在書中大膽地碰觸了離奇死亡、失落的原住民傳說、賽夏族承受矮靈之咒，以及剪不斷、理還亂的兄妹倫禁忌，四個相互交織而與詛咒相關連的議題。本論文從後殖民主義的角度來分析，探討阿美族歷史學研究者Nakao Eki Pacidal小說《絕島之咒》中，「詛咒」的意涵。《絕島之咒》一書呈現了當代原住民族普遍的困境，並不只是來自於個人的性格或命運，更重要的是，宛如詛咒一般的命運。其實更根本的原因，是原住民族神話、傳說以及詮釋權的失落。而原住民族文化傳統的失落，與島嶼上族群傾軋的歷史密不可分。本論文進一步將《絕島之咒》與李喬小說《咒之環》作比較閱讀，發現李喬小說亦印證該論點—島嶼上的膨脹族群（漢族）欺騙並傷害了原住民族，因而導致了島嶼上的人跟土地都受了詛咒。唯有謙卑認罪、贖過補償，才能解開詛咒。最後以基督教神學的「贖罪觀」來回應。本文建議，牽涉到族群屠殺這樣深重的暴力之罪孽，人為補過的行動有其必要性，特別是來自於族群集體的承認與補過，更是必要的。特別從原住民神學家喬治．丁克（George E. Tinker）的觀點來看，贖罪補過重點不在於消弭神的懲罰，而在於一種對於宇宙平衡之道的深刻理解。

關鍵字

《絕島之咒》 ； 《咒之環》 ； 原住民族正名運動 ； 殖民魔咒 ； 命名權

並列摘要

This paper interprets Nakao Eki Pacidal's novel Jue Dao Zhi Zhou (The Extinctive Mojo) from a postcolonial perspective. It explores the meaning of ＂curse＂ implicit in the novel and the ways to break the curse. Jue Dao Zhi Zhou is the first one that offers in–depth discussion of the meaning of ＂curse＂ among Taiwan Indigenous novels. The author examines four intertwined curse-related stories by boldly broaching the issues of the bizarre death, the loss of Aboriginal legend, the Saisiyat people who bear the curse of the dwarf, and the incest taboo. Analyzed from a postcolonial perspective, Jue Dao Zhi Zhou shows that the general predicament of the contemporary Indigenous peoples does not result solely from individual factors; but more fundamentally, from the loss of the Indigenous peoples' myths, legends, and the rights of interpretation. This loss of indigenous cultural traditions is inseparable from the history of tribal strife on the islands. In this paper, the author compares the novel with Li Qiao's novel Zhou Zhi Huan (The Encircling Curses). The author finds that Li Qiao's novel also confirms the argument that the ＂expansive ethnic group＂ (the Han people) on the island cheated and hurt the aboriginal peoples, causing curse on them and the land. Only humility and redemptive compensation actions can break the curse. This paper concludes with a Christian theological concept of atonement, suggests that it is necessary to take actions to compensate for the massacre of the ethnic group. From the perspective of the aboriginal theologian George E. Tinker, the point of atonement is not to eliminate the punishment of God, but to deepen our understanding of the balance of the universe.

並列關鍵字

Jue Dao Zhi Zhou (The Extinctive Mojo) ； Zhou Zhi Huan (The Encircling Spells) ； name-correcting movement of the indigenous people ； colonial spell ； naming rights