資訊公開之基石－日本文書管理法制化之建制

The Corner Stone for Freedom of Information- Legalization of Management on Public Documents in Japan

賴宇松(Lai-Yu Sung)

《臺灣科技法律與政策論叢》 7卷1期 (2010/06) Pp. 1-53

https://doi.org/10.7050/TJLTP.201006.0001

摘要

公文書管理於日本最初被認為是行政機關內部的問題，所以對於公文書管理並沒有專法加以因應。直到制定日本資訊公開法時，此問題才開始浮現。然而於日本資訊公開法立法至今卻出現許多問題，尤其在許多人民的資訊公開請求事件中，政府機關常以「文書不存在」為拒絕公開的理由。此等案例顯示出行政機關現行文書管理的制度並不健全。此外於該關於「具有歷史性的公文書」之保存以及利用也同樣存在相關問題。整體而言，若要完善資訊公開制度，其前提條件必須存在有完善規範行政機關文書之制度。於日本經過多年檢討之後，於2009年7月1日公布公文書管理法。該法主要透過文書主義之明確化、一貫性管理體制之確立、移管對象文書之選別、確保制度之遵守機制等原則建構一套新制度。對於我國而言，關於公文書制度之改革，雖仍為尚待討論之議題，本論文僅就日本最新法制之建置為一簡介略盡薄力，以供我國未來制度興革之參考。

關鍵字

文書 ； 資訊公開 ； 文書不存在 ； 歷史性公文書

並列摘要

The management of public documents was at first considered to be an internal issue within public institution, therefore there was no specific legislation to regulate such issue. The problem has not emerged until Japan's enactment of Act of Freedom of Information. Many issues have aroused in the following, especially citizens are often denied access to public documents after request for disclosure of such. After years of reflection, Japan promulgated the Act of Management for Disclosure of Public Documents. The major principles of the Act are clear definition of public documents, a consistent management system, differentiation of subject documents, and compliance mechanisms. In terms of our country, the issue of regulation on public documents remains under discussion. This article dedicates to introduce the framework of such regulation in Japan, in hope of serving as reference for our future legalization in same respect.

並列關鍵字

Public document ； Freedom of Information ； Non-existence of Documents ； Historical Public Document