淡水河阿美族濱水文化地景：溪洲部落神聖地景認同與水岸濕地多元文化規劃

The Waterfront Cultural Landscape: from the Sacred Landscape of XiZhou Tribe to the Riverfront Planning of Dan Shui River

吳金鏞(Jin-Yung Wu) ； 張聖琳(Dr. Elijah Sheng-Lin Chang)

《濕地學刊》 1卷2期 (2012/07) Pp. 49-66

https://doi.org/10.30124/JW.201207.0004

摘要

本文透過新店溪溪州部落規劃設計案，檢視阿美族水岸生活文化地景如何可以啟發我們在濱水空間與環境的規劃設計上，可以照顧不同文化的需求。臨水而居是不同文化先民的共同生活智慧。我們的祖先也是在淡水河岸開始篳路藍縷沿河而居。然而，1960年代都市化開始後，台北都會也開始背向淡水河。淡水河成了接收都市垃圾與污染的垃圾箱。國家制定法規使得市民不能沿河而居、甚至建立高堤，阻隔市民與河的關係。但在此同時，因為根深蒂固的水岸生活文化以及對祖靈的信仰，一群從東台灣花蓮鄉村移居台北都會的阿美族城鄉移民，開始定居在淡水河邊的溪州部落。本文將從三個面向解析阿美族的水岸生活與文化地景。首先，透過祖靈埋石儀式，分析「祖靈－水－家屋」三位一體的阿美族神聖家屋地景的形成。其次，檢視溪州部落在建立之初如何藉由不同的方式，在政府河川管理辦法之外，悄悄成長，逐漸形成自己的水岸聚落領域。最後，我們會深入地介紹溪州部落水岸生活與實質空間的形成的空間模式。在結論中，我們倡議溪州部落多元文化規劃與設計河流水岸地區的經驗，是都會區中重建人與水岸依存關係的珍貴例證。從文化地景的角度來看，溪洲部落的經人與水岸關係的無限可能性。

關鍵字

淡水河 ； 溪洲部落 ； 文化地景 ； 領域化 ； 神聖地景

並列摘要

Based on the on going effort of planning and design home villages with the Amis in the XiZhou urban Tribe, our paper elaborates on how the riverside lifestyle of the Amis could inspire us to design and plan our rivers and waterfront areas with different cultural needs in mind. Cross world cultures, our ancestors establish homes, villages, towns and cities along riversides in different regions. So did them in the Dan Shui River in Taiwan. However, after the urbanization starting from the 1960s, the Dan Shui River became a backside alley of the city functioning as a garbage bin of pollutants and urban wastes. Due to contaminated conditions and flood control reasons, the state, as well as the municipal, governments have released numerous rules to restrict human habitats close to waterfronts. Around the same time, also in the 1960s, a group of Amis native Taiwanese migrated from the Hualian rural area of the east coast of Taiwan to the metropolitan Taipei. Rooted in their cultural identity and the deep belief of Amis ancestors' spirituality, they retained their riverside lifestyle and settle down in the so-called Xi Zhou urban tribe along the Dan Shui River in the New Taipei City. In our paper, we analyze the Amis riverside lifestyles and cultural landscapes from three dimensions. First, we explain and analyze the ancestor spiritual rock ritual that connects the Xi Zhou tribe in New Taipei with their east coast home tribes. Second, we examine how the Amis redefine XiZhou as their home tribe from a legal perspective. Third, we investigate important riverside lifestyle patterns that help us understand the fundamental relationship between water and the Amis in a daily base. In conclusion, we advocate for alternative planning and design principles and ideas that incorporate sustainable riverside habitations as what we have learned from the Amis in the Xi Zhou urban tribe.

並列關鍵字

Dan Shui River ； Xizhou tribe ； cultural landscape ； territorialization ； sacred landscape