新竹香山濕地紅樹林擴張歷程及其可能因素探討

The Mangrove Expansion History of Xiang-Shan Wetland and Discussion of Likely Causing Factors

楊樹森(Shuh-Sen Young) ； 張登凱(Deng-Kai Chang) ； 李沛沂(Pei-Yi Lee)

《濕地學刊》 3卷1期 (2014/01) Pp. 17-26

摘要

根據近60年來新竹海岸地景結構變化分析結果，推論香山溼地紅樹林擴張的因素遠期是民國60年前後海埔新生地開發，平直海岸因海埔地圈圍而形成明顯海灣。80-90年之間陸續完成新竹漁港、海山漁港與浸水垃圾掩埋場建設進一步改變海岸的結構，溼地高潮線棲地泥化取代沙灘。上述期間適逢民國78年至90年之間，政府及當地民眾多次在香山溼地推廣人工種植紅樹林，人工種植在關鍵的時間點引入種原建立先驅群落，先驅紅樹林進一步造成溼地微環境改變成更適於生存。最後一道驅動紅樹林擴張的力量則是氣候變遷，春夏高溫使植物生長加速及生長季延長，每年產生大量的種苗在母株附近著生。95年之後紅樹林快速擴張，大面積覆蓋變成香山溼地上最顯著的單一棲地，紅樹林在高潮線的擴張也直接造成特有種台灣招潮蟹棲地損失。

關鍵字

溼地生態系 ； 紅樹林 ； 氣候變遷 ； 播遷

並列摘要

We discussed three aspects: landscape, forestation, and climate change; that may promote the dispersal and distribution of mangrove forest in the Xianshan wetland. First, the nearly straight shore line was altered into curvy bays for developments of coastal land, therefore, the substrate of high water line on wetland changed from sandy to muddy in the last 60 years. Developments include coastal reclaiming development in the 1970s; Hsinchu Fishing Harbor, Haishan Fishing Harbor, and Jinshui garbage dumping site in the 1990s. Second, forestation of mangrove by local grass-root groups and government was promoted on Xiangshan wetland. The plantation activity created an initial population of mangrove at a suitable time, when coastal substrate started alteration from sand to mud. Then, this mangrove forest altered the nearby substrate into suitable microhabitat for mangrove forest. Last, higher temperature in Spring and Summer increased the growth rate and development of trees. Great amount of seedlings were produced and settled down near parent trees each year. The fast expansion of mangrove invaded into other wetland habitat types and decreased habitat diversity since 2006. The loss of habitat has driven the endemic fiddler's crab, ＂Uca formosensis＂, into a very low population size.

並列關鍵字

Wetland ecosystem ； Mangrove ； Climate change ； dispersion