循環經濟下的水資源循環與再利用

Recycling and reuse of water resources under circular economy

方偉達(Wei-Ta Fang)

《濕地學刊》 9卷1期 (2020/12) Pp. 1-15

摘要

目前全球僅利用了0.08 %的淡水，然而卻有五分之一的人口生活在水源匱乏地區。隨著世界人口的增長，到了2050年地球人口將增加到90億，世界各國缺水現象日益嚴重。隨著全球氣候變遷產生的不確定性因素日益增加，水資源規劃決策和執行面向日益困難。本文建議依據驅動－壓力－狀態－影響－回應（DPSIR）系統，積極催生廢污水循環與再利用，依據環境經濟學原理，政府應擬定水資源回收計畫的優先排序、目標設定、指標研擬，以水資源保護的驅動力模式，形成一種替代性水源。此外，應積極應用人工濕地技術，採取廢污水處理的綠色基盤以解決水源匱乏及污染的問題。再者，需要強化民生經濟、社會，以及環境之濕地補償效益，規劃濕地補償措施需要透過四種方式進行：復育、建立／創造、強化及保護濕地方式進行，藉以產生水資源回收和水循環管理計畫之強化動力。

關鍵字

水資源 ； 水循環管理 ； 循環經濟 ； 濕地

並列摘要

Currently, only 0.08% of fresh water is used in the world, but one-fifth of the population lives in water-poor areas. With the growth of the world's population, the earth's population will increase to 9 billion by 2050; meanwhile, water shortages are becoming increasingly and dramatically serious in countries around the world. With the increasing uncertainties led by global climate change, decision-making and implementation of water resources planning have become increasingly difficult. This paper, thus, proposes to actively promote the recycling and reuse of wastewater based on the System of Drive-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR). Regarding to the principles of environmental economics, government should formulate the prioritization, target setting, and indicator development of water-resource recovery plans to form an alternative water source with the driving force model of water resources protection. In addition, the constructed wetland technology should be actively applied, and a green infrastructure of wastewater treatment should be adopted to adapt to solve the issues of water shortage and pollution. Furthermore, the benefits of wetland mitigation for citizens' livelihood, economy, society, and the environment need to be strengthened. Therefore, wetland compensation measures are requested to be planned to schedule in four approaches: restoration, establishment/creation, strengthening, and protection of wetlands, generating water recycling as well as strengthening the following water-cycle management plans.

並列關鍵字

water resources ； water cycle management ； circular economy ； wetland