不同刺激始動異步（SOA）效果的事件相關腦電位研究

根據文獻回顧，我們了解到實驗參與者的行為反應會受到SOA的影響，事件相關腦電位的一個優勢是能夠即時的觀察語言處理，本研究採用促發－目標（Prime-Target）典範，實驗中有兩個刺激項，一個刺激項是「連綿詞」，另一個刺激項是「非詞」。每個刺激項各有48個試驗（trials）。實驗要求實驗參與者必須判斷每個試驗是否為詞。我們操縱了實驗的刺激始動異步（stimulus onset asynchrony，SOA），實驗1的SOA為1600毫秒，實驗2的SOA為3000毫秒。我們假設N400是因為違反實驗參與者心理預期效果引起的，實驗參與者心理預期越久（SOA較長），當實驗結果違反預期時，引發的N400波幅就越大。SOA=1600ms實驗中有25位參與者（23位女性和2位男性，平均38.6歲，SD 6.8歲）。SOA=3000ms實驗有21位參與者（15位女性和6位男性，平均31.0歲，SD 6.2歲）。在SOA=1600ms實驗中，發現非詞的N400效果顯著（F（1,74）=4.82，p＜0.05，Partial η2=0.061）。在SOA=3000ms實驗中，發現非詞的N400效果顯著（F（1,62）=26.981，p＜0.05，Partial η2=0.303）。研究結果發現：當實驗參與者看到連綿詞的其中一部分時，促發整個詞的模式（pattern）的強度非常強，時間間隔越久，更加深實驗參與者的期待。

關鍵字

刺激始動異步；事件相關腦電位；詞彙辨識；促發－目標典範

並列摘要

In the literatures, we found behavioral reactions of participants were affected by SOA. One advantage of the event-related potential was a high-time solution. The language online processing was observed through the event-related potential. The Prime-Target paradigm was used in the experiment. There were two conditions in the experiment. One condition was ＂word＂, and the other condition was ＂nonword＂. There were 48 trials in each condition. Participants were required to indicate whether each trial was a word or not. We manipulated the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) of experiments. The SOA was 1600ms in experiment 1, and 3000ms in experiment 2. We hypothesized the results found N400 because of the participants' expectation to be violation. There were 25 participants (23 females and 2 males, mean 38.6 years, SD 6.8 years) in the SOA=1600ms experiment. There were 21 participants (15 females and 6 males, mean 31.0 years, SD 6.2 years) in the SOA=3000ms experiment. All the participants were native Mandarin speakers, graduated from college, right-handed, and they had a normal or corrected vision. In Exp1, the mean amplitude between 300 and 600ms of nonword conditions and word conditions were compared, a significant N400 effect in nonword conditions(F(1,74)=4.82，p＜0.05，Partial η2=0.061) was found. In Exp2, the mean amplitude between 300 and 600ms of nonword conditions and word conditions were compared, a significant N400 effect in nonword conditions(F(1,62)=26.981，p＜0.05，Partial η2=0.303) was found. We found greater negativity (N400) in nonword conditions as compared to words.

並列關鍵字

stimulus-onset asynchrony(SOA) ； Event-Related Potential ； Word Recognition ； Prime-Target paradigm ； N400

參考文獻

Zachau, S., Korpilahti, P., Hämäläinen, J. A., Ervast, L., Heinänen, K., Suominen, K., Lehtihalmes, M., & Leppänen, P. H. (2014). Electrophysiological correlates of cross-linguistic semantic integration in hearing signers: N400 and LPC. Neuropsychologia, 59, 57–73. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.04.011

Dambacher, M., Dimigen, O., Braun, M., Wille, K., Jacobs, A. M., & Kliegl, R. (2012). Stimulus onset asynchrony and the timeline of word recognition: Event-related potentials during sentence reading. Neuropsychologia, 50(8), 1852-1870. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.011

Deacon, D., Dynowska, A., Ritter, W., & Grose-Fifer, J. (2004). Repetition and semantic priming of nonwords: Implications for theories of N400 and word recognition. Psychophysiology, 41(1), 60-74. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00120

Kutas, M., & Federmeier, K. D. (2000). Electrophysiology reveals semantic memory use in language comprehension. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(12), 463-470. doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01560-6

Meade, G., & Coch, D. (2017). Word-pair priming with biased homonyms: N400 and LPC effects. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 41, 24-37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.09.002

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不同刺激始動異步（SOA）效果的事件相關腦電位研究

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