提升柔道運動裁判員專業執行能力之探討

Enhancing the Professional Execution Ability of Judo Referees

盧彥丞(Lu,Yen-Cheng) ； 黃琬婷(Huang,Wan-Ting) ； 李建霖(Jiun-Lin,Lee)

《華醫學報》 55期 (2021/12) Pp. 41-52

摘要

本文旨在探討柔道運動裁判人員之專業執行能力，並透過文獻蒐集之方法探討柔道裁判人員專業執行能力之素質、自信心、認知及心理品質等，所得結果可提供柔道教練或裁判之參考。柔道運動是一種兩人徒手較量的競技運動，也是屬於同場競技直接接觸的格鬥性運動項目，在比賽過程中對雙方的、智能、體力、實戰技術、柔道技巧和心理因素等綜合抗衡的要點，都具有高度的攻防實戰性技術和激烈的對抗性的要求，尤其當雙方選手的實力不相上下時，柔道裁判的判斷能力更是非常重要的關鍵。在任何柔道比賽中，都必須有周延的賽程規劃、優秀的選手、高水準的觀眾，與公平公正完善的裁判人員，因為從運動競賽結構來說，公平競爭是一切比賽的最高原則。裁判是比賽中責無旁貸的唯一執法人員，必須依據規則推動比賽進行，並依據規則判決比賽所有的犯規動作，以維持比賽的公平性，減少因犯規而導致選手受傷害，並判定比賽的勝負。裁判人員更是讓比賽能順利進行並保障比賽公平的重要關鍵，在比賽中扮演著極重要的角色，比賽的公平與否，與比賽過程是否流暢順利，都取決於裁判本身專業素質能力的高低與判決是否公平。每位柔道裁判人員都必須熟悉柔道規則，和不斷熟練精進柔道相關技術能力，及強化快速正確的判斷力。最重要的是裁判人員必須公平、公正、果敢、認真的對待比賽，依其角色的超然特性，擁有超然道德理想，公平不偏袒的依據規則執法，才能是一位優秀的柔道裁判人員。

關鍵字

判斷力 ； 柔道 ； 裁判員 ； 競技運動

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the professional execution ability of judo referees. Through literature review, the execution quality, self-confidence, cognitive and psychological quality of judo referees were also discussed. Judo is a competitive sport that two people compete in bare hands. It is also a combat sport in which both sides have direct contact with each other. In competition, the intelligence, physical strength, practical skills, judo skills and psychological factors on both sides, are the key points of the integrated resistance to be considered as offensive and defensive practical skills, and intense confrontational factors. When the strengths of the two players are very close, the judo referee judgment is very important to determine who is the winner. In any competition, there must be a thorough schedule planning, excellent players, high level of audience, and fair and perfect judges because from the sports competition structure, fair competition is the highest principle of all competitions. The referee is the only person responsible for enforcing the rules of the game. They must rule the game, decide whether there is foul play in the game, maintain fairness, reduce injuries caused by foul play, and decide the winner of the game. The referee plays a very important role in the competition. The fairness of the competition and the smoothness of the competing process depend on the professionalism of the referee and the fairness of his or her decision calls. Each judo referee must be know the rules and regulations of judo, and constantly improve his or her technical skills, as well as his or her ability to make quick and accurate judgments. Most importantly, they must be fair, impartial, courageous and serious in the competition. In accordance with the transcendent nature of his or her role, he or she must have moral spirits and enforce the rules in a fair and unbiased manner. This is what makes a good judo referee.

並列關鍵字

judgment ； Judo ； referee ； athletics