自萞蔴油試製癸二酸及辛醇

Preparation of Sebacic Acid and Capryl Alcohol from Caster Oil

朱樹恭(S. K. Chu) ； 林文喜(W. S. Lin)

《化學》 48年2期 (1959/06) Pp. 69-78

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1959003

摘要

採用鎳-鉻不銹鋼高壓釜，試作蓖蔴油及氫氧化鈉水溶液之加熱分解試驗。反應壓力在略高於氫氧化鈉水溶液之蒸氣壓時，反應條件以氫氧化鈉水溶液之濃度爲50%(按重量計)，用量以與蓖蔴油等重量，反應温度在280-340℃爲佳。反應温度在310-340℃時，反應時間約需3小時。等量之蓖蔴油與50%氫氧化鈉水溶液，在反應温度310 ± 5℃，反應壓力800磅/平方吋，反應5小時，可得癸二酸產率44.6 % (產率均按重量計，以下同)，粗辛醇產率28.2%。3%氧化鎘存在下，等量之箆蔴油與50%氫氧化鈉水溶液，在315 ± 5℃，反應壓力800/磅/平方吋，反應1小時，癸二酸產率可得45.6 %，粗辛醇壶率爲 26.7 %。等量之蓖蔴油與50%氫氣化的水溶液，在100磅/平方吋反應壓力下，先在 200℃反應5小時，繼而在300℃反應2小時，癸二酸產率可得43.4 %，辛醇産率27.9 %，辛酮產率2.9 %。與此約略相同條件之試驗，使用鑄鋼製高壓釜試驗時，癸二酸產率得31.8-32.7 %，辛醇產率25.3-27.6 %，辛酮產率1.9-2.1 %。

並列摘要

Caster oil was treated with aqueous caustic in a Ni-Cr stainless steel autoclave. When the reaction pressure was kept a little over the vapour pressure of the aqueous caustic, the following conditions were found to be preferential: Concentration of aqueous caustic solution, 50% by weight; amount of aqueous caustic solution, same as that of the caster oil used; reaction temperature, 280-240℃; residence time, 3 hours when the reaction temperature being maintained at 310-240℃. When equal amounts of 50% caustic solution and caster oil were treated in an autoclave, sebacic acid was obtained in yield of 44.6% ( by wt. ) and capryl alcohol in yield of 28.2% under the following conditions: reaction temperature, 310 ±5℃; reaction pressure, 800 lbs/sq. in. , ; residence time, five hours. When in the presence of CdO, with all the conditions unaltered save that the residence time being reduced to one hour, sebacic acid was obtained in yield of 45.6%; capryl alcohol in yield of 26.7%. When equal amounts of caster oil and 50% caustic solution were first subject under a pressure of r oo Iba/sq. in , and ~t a temperature of 200℃ for five hours, . then raise the temperature to 300°C for two hours, the yield of sabacic acid was 43.4%,; that of capryl alcohol, 27.9%; mixed with 2.9% of octyl ketone. When the reaction was conducted in a cast steel autoclave, the yield of sebacic acid was 31.8-32.7%; that of capryl alcohol, 25.3-27.6%, that of mixed octyl ketone, 1.9-2.1%.