- 期刊
由液化石油氣製丙烯腈之研究
Catalytic Making Acrylonitrile from Liquefied Petroleum Gases
摘要
利用臺灣產液化石油氣（liguefied petroleum gases以下簡稱石油氣，俗名液化煤氣）及氨，用不同之溫度，不同之催化劑及不同之進料速度以製造氫化氰及乙炔，由氫化氰及乙炔再製成丙烯腈(acrylonitrile)。由石油氣及氨製丙烯腈之產量，與其反應之溫度，催化劑之種類及通石油氣及氨之速度，均有重大關係。反應溫度以750℃比700℃、600℃及500°C爲佳。催化劑以鉑網(pt-gauze)較鎳鉻絲(Ni-Cr wire)爲佳。通石油氣及氨之速度以6 l/hr較3 l/hr爲佳。由氫化氰及乙炔製丙烯腈之最大產量爲9.23%。丙烯腈爲製奧隆(orlon)及橡膠(nitrile rubber)等之基本原料，其製法有下列數種：一、環氧乙烯及氫化氰法^1 (The equation is abbreviated) 二、丙烯與一氧化氮法 4CH_2=CHCH_3+6NO→4CH_2=CHCN+N_2+6H_2O 三、丙烯加氨氧化法^(1,18) CH_2=CHCH_3+1(1/2) O_2+NH_3→^ΔCH_2=CHCN+3H_2O 四、丙烯醛與氨脫水法^2 CH_2=CHCHO+NH_3→^ΔCH_2=CHCN+H_2O+H_2 五、丙醛加氨脫水法^3 CH_3CH_2CHO+NH_3→^ΔCH_2=CHCN+H_2O+2H_2 六、乙腈脫氫法^4 CH_3CH_2CN→^ΔCH_2=CHCN+H_2 七、乙醛與氫化氰法^1 (The equation is abbreviated) 八、乙炔與氫化氰法^1 CH≡CH+HCN→^ΔCH_2=CHCN 査臺灣產大量石油氣，石油氣中含有甲烷(methane)，故利用油氣中之甲烷，通入有限量之空氣以製乙炔(acetylene) 2CH_4+1(1/2O_2→^ΔCH≡CH+3H_2O^1。臺灣又產大量之氨，故利用石油氣及氨以製氫化氰2CH_4+2 NH_3+3O_2→2 HCN+6H_2O^6。最後將乙炔及氫化氰同時導入氯化亞銅及氯化銨液體以製成丙烯腈，亦卽是採用上列第八法，最爲經濟與便利。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Hydrogen cyanide and acetylene are prepared from liquefied petroleum gases (L.P.G.), and used to synthesize acrylonitrile. The yield of hydrogen cyanide depends upon the catalyst, the reaction temperature, and the feed velocity of the L.P.G. and ammonia. Using Pt gauze as catalyst (7.8 g) at 650 ℃ and the feed velocity of L.P.G. and ammonia 9 l/hr in 7 hours, the yield of hydrogen cyanide is the best (7.14%). The Ni-Cr wire catalyst at 500 ℃ and the same feed velocity, duration time, and weight of catalyst give the maximum yield of 14,90%. Therefore, Pt gauze catalyst is more effective than Ni-Cr wire. The yield of acetylene also depends upon the catalyst, the reaction temperature, and the feed velocity of L.P.G. only. With Ni-Cr wire as catalyst at feed velocity of L.P.G. 6 l/hr and 625 ℃ at 7 hours, the yield of acetylene is the best (62.85%). The yield of acrylonitrile is also dependent upon the amounts of cyanide and acetylene. At feed velocity of L.P.G. and ammonia 6 l/hr and using Pt gause catalyst (7.8 g), acrylonitrile yield of 9.23% is obtained at 750 ℃ for 7 hours. In a word, the catalytic making acrylonitrile from L.P.G. and ammonia is a very good method in the future.