多氯聯苯在台北縣魚貝類殘留量之分析

Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish Shellfish from Taipei County

周薰修(S. S. Chou) ； 賀克勤(K. C. Ho) ； 陳漢恆(H. H. Chan)

《化學》 44卷2期 (1986/06) Pp. 43-53

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1986015

摘要

本文探討皂化法，矽膠層析管往，氣相層析儀附電子捕捉偵測器(GC-ECD)之最佳條件以分析台北縣沿海及沿河魚貝類多氯聯苯在殘留置，魚貝類樣品經稱重後，先以皂化法萃取多氯聯苯，以不同濃度(0.001~3.0 ppm)之多氯聯苯在混合標準液加入樣品中，以氫氣化鈉之酒精溶液，回流1小時以已烷萃取，結果顯示平均回收率為86%±4.2，萃取液濃縮後，通過Wakogel S-1之矽膠管住，使用不等量(2-8克〉矽膠，填充於管拉長及內直徑30 × 1.2 cm以探討最佳矽膠用量以回收多氯聯苯並同時可分離其干擾物質，結果顯示以3克矽膠最為最佳，濃度0.5 ppm的多氯聯苯標準混合液之回收率為89.4 %。管柱流出液收集再濃縮，再以氣中目層析儀附^(68)Ni電子捕捉器來定性及定量，使用200 × 0.3 cm I.D.之玻璃管住，內合2%OV -1 on Chromostb W (80/100 mesh)以探討管柱、注射器及偵測器溫度變化與多氯聯苯各波峯之分離及定量效果，結果顯示氣相層析管位溫度180℃，偵測器與注射器溫度250℃為最佳。此條件下，對多氣聯苯標準長混合液最低感度之濃度為0.5 ng。台北縣沿海沿河各魚貝類樣品所舍之多氯聯苯殘留最平均值在18.1 ppb，在人口眾多，或工廠較多之地區或離台北市較近之沿海或沿河之魚貝類所含多氯聯苯殘留量較高，平均值為47 ppb，而較偏遠地區，平均值為6.9 ppb，而貝類之多氯聯苯殘留最較魚類為低，貝類之多氯聯苯在平均值為3.2 ppb，而魚類之平均值為25.9 ppb。

並列摘要

The optimal conditions for analysing the fish and shellfish samples from the river and coast of Taipei county as determined by saponification, silica gel column and gas chromatography were investigated. The fish samples were spiked with known amounts (0.001-3.0 ppm) of polychlorinated biphenyl standard and reflexed with 1N alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution for 1hr then extracted with n-hexane. The recovery of, the standard was acounted for 86% The above extract was subsequently cleaned up by various amounts (2-8 g) of silica gel in glass column with 30×1.2 cm I.D. and eluted with n-hexane. Highest recovery of standard (89.4%) was found by using 3g of silica gel Gas chromatography equipped with ^(63)Nielectron capture detector was used for identification and quantitation of the polychlorinated biphenyls. Glass column (200×0.3 cm I.D.) was packed with 2%OV-1 on chromosorb W (80/100 mesh). The optimal temperature of column, and injector and detector for the determination of polychroinated biphenyl were investigated. It was found that the optimal temperatures were 180 and 250°C, respectively for the recovery of standard and the maximum sensitivity was found to be 0.5 mg for the standard. The mean concentration of the polychlorinated biphenyl residues from fish and shellfish samples of Taipei county was found to be 18.1 ppb. The samples obtained from higher population density or industrial areas gave higher residual concentration (47 ppb) in comparison with the rural areas (6.9 ppb), The residual concentration of polychlorinated bi phenyls in shellfish (3.2 ppb) was found to be lower than in fish (25, 9 ppb).