以感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜法及氫化原子吸收光譜法建立環境及生物樣品中微量元素的準確分析技術

Establishment of Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Hydride Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Accurate Determination of Trace Elements in Environmental and Biological Samples

曾昭桓(J. H. Tzeng) ； 劉素君(S. J. Liu) ； 葉錦芬(Z. F. Yeh) ； 楊末雄(M. H. Yang)

《化學》 45卷3期 (1987/09) Pp. 97-108

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1987026

摘要

本文探討利用適當的樣品前處理及原子光譜儀(ICP-AES及HAAS)測定條件的配合，以獲致環境及生物樣品中微量元素的準確分析。首先探求消化樣品溶液中殘餘的酸含量，未分解的基質及共存元素對ICP-AES在光譜測定時所造成的影響，再據以建立可以與之配合的適當的樣品消化條件。結果顯示，由於ICP激發源的高溫特性，不管樣品以廻流或簡易的燒杯消化，在仍殘留有機基質的情況下，亦不致構成對分析結果的影響；唯消化液中的餘酸量必須加以控制，以使其儘量與標準溶液中的酸度相近，否則將造成分析上的誤差。以HAAS作樣品消化液中As, Se及Hg測定時，必須考慮As及Se氧化價態的影響。原則上經三循環廻流消化的樣品溶液，既使仍有少量基質的殘留物，亦能藉標準添加法得到準確的分析結果；而燒杯消化法由於基質的分解較不完全，僅能適合作某些樣品中特定元素的分析，對汞則完全不可行。本研究所建立的方法可適用於牛肝、米、蕃茄葉及松針等樣品中Cu, Zn, Cd , Hg, Cr, Mn, As及Se等元素的分析，分析結果的可靠度均藉NBS標準參考樣品予以確認。

並列摘要

In this study inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and hydride atomic spectrometry (HAAs) have been employed for the determination of trace elements in environmental and biological materials samples were treated with wet oxidative digestion prior to instrumental determination The effects of residual matrix acid concentration and oxidation states of analyte elements in the digested sample solution on the instrumental performance (ICP-AES and HAAS) have been carefully evaluated The results indicate that accurate and sensitive determination of Cd. Cr. Cu Zn. Se, As. Hg and Mn in various environmental and biological samples can be obtained based on the established methods The limits of these elements can be in the range of 10 to 10 g/g under the present experimental conditions The reliability was checked with NBS standard reference materials.