馬錢子之定量研究

The Study on Strychni Semen

梁麗鳳(Lee-Fong Liang)

《化學》 47卷4期 (1989/12) Pp. 278-282

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1989039

摘要

馬錢子生藥可治療神經麻痺或當作胃腸機能亢進、食慾增進劑，其有效成分爲番木鼈鹼和馬錢子鹼，但兩者毒性極強，多服可致人於死，因而一般爲了服用的安全性均使用炮炙品。爲探討該二成分在各不同藥材的存在情形，本論文利用高效能液相府析儀定量比較三種市售生藥與十極炮炙品。實驗結果顯示市售生藥的番木鼈鹼量爲3.33~6.30 mg/g，馬錢子鹼量爲5.86 ~ 8.62 mg/g，其中以綠灰色、顆粒大飽滿而有光澤的樣品含較高。馬錢子經炮炙處理後其番木鼈鹼及馬錢子鹼含量均顯著減少，其中經人尿浸甘草水煮之炮炙品分別減少42%及36%；經水泡甘草水泡煮著減少58%及50%；其餘馬錢子炮炙品則僅剩不及原來的五分之一。如甘草水浸黃土炒則只爲原來的十分之一。定量結果顯示炮炙確可使馬錢子生藥之番木鼈鹼與馬錢子鹼含顯著地減少，此與炮炙可使馬錢子毒性降低的藥理試驗結果相平行。

並列摘要

Strychni Semen is a well known Chinese herbal drug and is usually used as a gastrointestinal stimulant, appetizer, and treatment for neutral paralysis. Its active components are found to be strychnine and brucine, and both of them have strong toxicity. Owing to the high toxicity, processed samples are usually used in Chinese medicine. The contents of the active components in three crude drugs range from 3.33 to 6.30 mg/g for strychnine, 5.86 to 8.62 mg/g for brucine. After processing with different methods, the extraction rate of both active components in Strychni Semen decreased markedly. Among the various samples, that processed by soaking the sample in urine then boiling in licorice aqueous solution exhibited the least decrease (about 42% decrease for strychnine and 36% decrease for brucine), which with more decrease was processed by soaking the sample in water then boiling in licorice solution (58% decrease for strychnine and 50% decrease for brucine). The extraction rates of strychnine and brucine of the other processing samples were less than one-fifth of the unprocessed sample. This study indicated that the toxicity of the processed Strychni Semen was paralleled to the amount of strychnine and brucine.