In the past ten years, research of HEDM (high energy density matter) are very aggressive and popular in developed countries, such as U. S., France and Japan. HEDM are used in almost all weapons systems, both strategic and tactical, and are fielded by all the services. In general, HEDM are called the fourth generation of propellant ingredients. In the other hand, research of high energy hydrocarbon fuel starts to revive after almost ten years of insufficient funding. This paper presents the development and application of HEDM and high density hydrocarbon fuel , both internationally and domestically.