超分子化學的發展及應用

Recent Developments and Applications of Supramolecular Chemistry

江佩珍(Pei-Chen Chiang) ； 鍾文聖(Wen-Sheng Chung)

《化學》 61卷4期 (2003/12) Pp. 551-573

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2003053

摘要

因為奈米科技的發展，使得超分子化學的應用更加受到矚目。本文主要介紹一系列超分子的發展、特性、命名原則以及其應用，包含環糊精、紫質、冠醚、穴窩體、芳杯等，並加以比較不同超分子的特點，如環糊精的水溶性，使其有極佳的生物相容性；紫質不僅有錯合金屬的能力，其優異的吸光特性使其在光感應感測器有絕佳優勢；冠醚和穴窩體特殊的溶解性和金屬錯合能力，在金屬微量感測上應用相當廣泛；而芳杯可變化的構形，在篩選錯合客體的專一性調控極佳。此外，文中也介紹近期發展出的特殊應用，如連結兩種超分子的應用、分子機械、以及分子自組合的奈米元件，足以發現超分子的發展漸臻佳境以及其應用之無遠弗屆。

關鍵字

超分子化學 ； 環糊精 ； 紫質 ； 冠醚 ； 穴窩體 ； 芳杯 ； 分子機械 ； 分子自組合

並列摘要

Due to the nano-technology, the application of supramolecular chemistry has been a subject of great interest. The article reviews the developments, properties, nomenclatures, and applications of a series of supramolecules, including cyclodextrins, porphyrins, crown ethers, cryptands, and calixarenes. Furthermore, there are some comparisons with their special properties. For instance, the water-solubility of cyclodextrins makes them bio-compatible. Besides the ability of complexation, porphyrins is also a very good chromophore as sensory materials. Their strong ability in metal complexation and good solvent solubility makes crown ethers and crptands useful in microanalysis. Flexibility endows the calixarenes with a dimension that at times can be frustrating but that also makes possible the fashioning of cavities of highly varied shapes and contours, and forming complexes with specific guests. We also take note on the recent progress in combining two or more kinds of supramolecules, molecular machines, and self-assembly.

並列關鍵字

supramolecular chemistry ； cyclodextrin ； porphyrin ； crown ether ； cryptand calixarene ； molecular machine ； self-assembly