離子液體的發展及其在電化學與其它領域的應用－獨特的溶劑系統

The Developments of Ionic Liquids and Their Applications in Electrochemistry and other Fields－The Unique Solvents

陳泊余(Po-Yu Chen)

《化學》 64卷2期 (2006/06) Pp. 235-259

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2006017

摘要

離子液體(ionic liquid)系指熔點低於水沸點(100℃)的鹽類。在常溫下即呈現液體狀態的離子液體，更受研究者所重視。如此全由離子所組成的溶劑系統，呈現出與分子性溶劑(水及揮發性有機溶劑等)全然不同的性質。其非揮發性、非可燃性、熱及化學穩地性以及適當的導電性等諸多特性，使其在電化學、分離科學、含重金屬或核衰變物種之廢水處理、有機合成、氣體分離乃至物質感測等各方面有著日益蓬勃的發展，儼然已成為一嶄新的溶劑系統，得到所謂綠色溶劑(green solvent)或設計家溶劑(designer solvent)之名。本文將就離子液體的發展、種類、電化學上及其它領域的應用，做一簡單扼要的介紹。

關鍵字

離子液體 ； 融鹽 ； 綠色溶劑 ； 綠色化學 ； 設計家溶劑 ； 非揮發性

並列摘要

Based on the operational definition, ionic liquids are salts with melting temperatures below the boiling point of pure water (~100 ℃). Those that are liquid under room temperature are more attractive to researchers. This kind of solvents is totally composed of ions and their properties are very different from those of molecular solvents such as water and volatile organic solvents (VOCs). They are non-volatile, non-flammable, thermally and chemically stable and most of them exhibit good conductivity. These characteristics have them novel solvents used for electrochemistry, separation science, treatments of aqueous solutions containing heavy metals and radioactive nuclei, gas separation and sensors. Because of these attractive potential applications and their inherently excellent characteristics, ionic liquids are usually called as green solvents or designer solvents. In this article, the developments, classifications of ionic liquids and their applications in electrochemistry and other fields would be reported.

並列關鍵字

Ionic liquid, ； molten salt ； green solvent ； green chemistry ； designer solvent ； non-volatile