皂素的生物活性與化學成分之探討

Studies on Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Saponins

黃慧琪(Hui-Chi Huang) ； 張麗杰(Li-Jie Zhang) ； 吳永昌(Yang-Chang Wu) ； 郭悅雄(Yueh-Hsiung Kuo) ； 郭曜豪(Yao-Haur Kuo)

《化學》 67卷1期 (2009/03) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2009001

摘要

皂素是植物的二次代謝產物，為含醣基的三類或固醇類，存在於許多植物中。由於皂素的化學結構包含親脂性與親水性兩部份的成分所組成，特殊兩極化的結構使其肩負著協助清潔類似肥皂的任務；亦因此皂素具有相當廣泛的生物活性與藥理作用如抗癌、免疫調節、抗血小板凝集及抗菌等。皂素結構複雜，其化學結構的鑑定常利用水解法使醣基和皂元分離後，再應用各種化學方法、分析光譜和物理數據來闡釋。本內文除了簡介皂素多元化的生物活性和化學結構外，亦以人類生活應用甚廣的無患子皂素為例敘述其最近的研究進展。

關鍵字

皂素 ； 生物活性 ； 無患子

並列摘要

Saponins are the group of secondary metabolites which are widely dustrubited in many species of plants. They are natural glycosides of triterpene or steroid consisting of nonpolar aglycones coupled with sugar moieties. This combination of polar and non-polar structure elements in their molecules explains their soap-like behaviour in aqueous solutions. Thus, the structural characters permit saponins to possess many bioactivities and pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, immune modulating, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-bacteria activities etc. Due to the complexity of saponin structures, to elucidate their structures are based on acid hydrolysis for the separation of aglycon and sugar units, together with the treatments of chemical methods and spectroscopic analyses. In addition to introduce the diversity of bioactivities and chemical structures of general saponins, the advance of studying saponins from Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn.which are commonly applied in our life will also be described here.

並列關鍵字

Saponins ； Bioactivities ； Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn