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第9-12族金屬錯合物在二氧化碳與環氧化物共聚合反應的催化研究

Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides Catalyzed by Group 9-12 Metal Complexes

摘要


利用均相金屬觸媒對二氧化碳/環氧化物進行共聚合反應可形成環境友善的脂肪族聚碳酸酯高分子,此催化聚合方式能協助消耗溫室氣體二氧化碳,且所生成聚合物具有生物可分解性 (biodegradable)的優點,對大自然環境之永續發展有重要的幫助。本文將探討以觸媒設計的理念來合成第九至十二族金屬之催化劑,探討其對於二氧化碳/環氧化物進行共聚合反應之功效。反應過程中,除了必須有良好的催化活性之外,具備“控制"的性質也相當重要,例如減少副產物 (環碳酸酯或聚醚類鏈段) 的產生、可控制之高分子分子量、分子量分佈度以及立體規則性的排列等。因此,文中將針對可有效催化二氧化碳/環氧化物進行共聚合反應之具鋅、鈷、鎳及銅金屬催化劑做文獻回顧以及未來展望。

並列摘要


The development of homogeneous catalytic systems for the metal-catalyzed coupling of carbon dioxide (CO_2) with epoxides has attracted increasing attention because of the advantages of CO_2 removal and reuse. This process also provides an effective route for the preparations of environmentally friendly aliphatic polycarbonates. This review covers recent developments on the preparation of polycarbonates via the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides using group 9-12 metal complexes. Apart from good catalytic activity of catalysts, it is also important for the preparation of copolymers with well-controlled properties, such as copolymerization selectivity, molecular weight control, narrow molecular weight distribution and the controllable stereoregularity. Therefore, we focus on the literature reviews and future prospects of well-defined metal catalysts derived from various metal complexes of zinc, cobalt, nickel and copper elements that efficiently catalyze CO_2/epoxide copolymerization.

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