金奈米材料搭配雷射脫附游離質譜法於生物分析應用

Gold Nanomaterials Coupled with Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Bioanalysis

張家寅(Chia-Yin Chang) ； 祝瀚崴(Han-Wei Chu) ； 古若筠(Jo-Yun Ko) ； Binesh Unnikrishnan ； 黃志清(Chih-Ching Huang)

《化學》 74卷3期 (2016/09) Pp. 203-211

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2016018

摘要

雷射脫附游離法 (laser desorption/ionization, LDI) 結合質譜儀 (mass spectrometry, MS) 可應用於小分子、聚合物與生物大分子分析，但許多有機基質輔助LDI-MS 方法會有基質效應 (干擾)、低分子量區雜訊過高及再現性差等問題。利用奈米材料應用於LDI-MS 可以部份解決這些問題，並提升檢測靈敏度。其中金奈米粒子 (gold nanoparticles, Au NPs) 為常見LDI-MS 的奈米基質之一，主要歸功於Au NPs 有良好的光能吸收與高光熱轉換效率來輔助分析物脫附游離。在LDI 過程Au NPs 也會裂解形成金團簇 (Au clusters) 離子，且Au NPs 表面配位基 (surface ligands) 也會脫附游離。藉由配位基或金團簇離子具質譜訊號放大特性可開發許多高靈敏的生物感測器。本文綜述了奈米基質的LDI機制及介紹近年一些功能性Au NPs 搭配LDI-MS 於重金屬、DNA、RNA、蛋白質、酵素、細菌偵測及腫瘤組織顯影研究。微米級孔洞薄膜會應用於這些技術開發來進行樣品線上分離以提升偵測靈敏度與再現性。

關鍵字

雷射脫附游離法 ； 質譜儀 ； 金奈米粒子 ； 表面配位基 ； 金團簇 ； 生物分析

並列摘要

Laser desorption/ionization (LDI) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is used for the analysis of small molecules, polymers and biological macromolecules. LDI-MS commonly requires an organic matrix to absorb laser energy for the desorption/ionization of analytes. However, organic matrix-assisted LDI-MS easily suffer from many interferences such as formation of adducts, matrix interferences at the low molecular weight region and poor reproducibility. Nanomaterials has been demonstrated to overcome the shortcomings arisen from organic matrix, including improved reproducibility, sensitivity and selectivity for LDI-MS based analysis of biomolecules in complicated real samples. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are commonly used as nanomatrices for LDI-MS. Contributions from Au NPs' excellent photoenergy absorption ability and high photothermal conversion efficiency make this materialideal for assisting desorption/ionization of analytes. Moreover, substantial surface ligand ions and Au cluster ions are formed during LDI process. By using the amplification effect of the ligand ions and Au cluster ions, Au NPs can be used for ultrasensitive detection of biomacromolecules. This article reviews the mechanism of laser desorption/ ionization of Au NPs, and the applications of functional Au NPs ranging from the detection of heavy metals, DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes and bacteria to tumor tissue imaging. This article also discuss the potential of Au NPs/LDI-MS coupled with micro-porous membrane for accurate quantitation of biomolecules in real samples.

並列關鍵字

Laser desorption/ionization ； Mass spectrometry ； Gold nanoparticles ； Surface ligands ； Gold clusters ； Bioanalysis