Tourism, Cultural Globalization and Postmodern Travel Writing: Reading Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities

觀光業、文化全球化與後現代旅遊書寫：閱讀《看不見的城市》

張碧蓉(Pi-Jung Chang)

《南台人文社會學報》 4期 (2010/11) Pp. 47-83

https://doi.org/10.29841/STUTJHSS.201011.0002

摘要

本文擬藉由閱讀卡維諾的小說《看不見的城市》一書，來探討觀光業、文化全球化與旅遊書寫之間錯綜複雜的關係。第一部份從馬可遊歷過程中所見空洞的都市景觀出發，分析全球觀光潮流下所浮現的視覺消費與文化商品化等問題。第二部份則從卡維諾小說中人與文化的游動／定居辯證關係切入，來理解觀光業在全球化情境的文化變異下所扮演的積極角色。第三部份由卡維諾對語言與再現困境的關注，來討論後現代旅遊書寫的閱讀倫理問題。作為一個旅遊書寫的文本，卡維諾的小說不僅呈現後現代旅遊的情境，也對此潮流提出批判，讓我們重新檢視觀光業作為文化全球化的一環所涉及之複雜議題。

關鍵字

卡維諾 ； 看不見的城市 ； 觀光業 ； 文化全球化 ； 後現代 ； 旅遊書寫

並列摘要

This essay aims to explore the intricate relationship between tourism, cultural globalization, and travel writing by reading Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities against the background of current debates in this field. Reading Marco’s traveling in the empty cityscape as a parable of the nature of touristic behavior, the first part of the essay sets out to provide a critical analysis of tourism as a global phenomenon by investigating the problem of visual consumption and hence cultural commodification in global tourism. The second part contrastingly examines the role tourism plays in the dynamics of change and transformation to culture in a globalized world, in view of the interdependence of the traveling and dwelling of both people and culture as it is manifest in Marco’s hyper-traveling in Calvino’s invisible cities. The third part discusses the ethics of reading postmodern travel writing by focusing on Calvino’s concern with language and representation. Read as a piece of travel writing, Calvino’s performative text not only anticipates but interrogates the world of postmodern travels, calling for a reformulation of some accepted assumptions to take account of the complexities of tourism as part of the process of cultural globalization.

並列關鍵字

Italo Calvino ； Invisible Cities ； tourism ； cultural globalization ； postmodern travel writing