清儒魏源〈默觚〉的人格思想及其對大學生之啟示

Qing Dynasty Confucian Scholar Wei Yuan's Idea of Character as Proposed in Mo-Gu, and its Implications for College Students

黃文樹(Wen-Shu Huang)

《南台人文社會學報》 15期 (2016/05) Pp. 21-52

摘要

清代道咸年間大儒魏源在其思想代表作之一的〈默觚〉中，型塑了理想人格，對理論上以「心」為德行修養之核心、價值取向上以「德」馭勢、利、名，內涵上以「仁」與「廉恥」相聯繫和方法上重「自反」與「尚儉」工夫等方面做了學理論述。同時，針對貪得無厭、罔顧廉恥、麻木不仁的鄙夫與鄉愿，則予以深刻揭露和批判。在魏氏看來，社稷之興亡不患財用而惟亟人才，而人才的標準以「德才兼備」為是。魏氏的人格思想，對於今日大學生可有下列三項的啟示：一是，強調「治心」的重要義涵，啟發學生料理己心；二是，重揭身心修養的核心價值，牖迪學生涵養品格；三是，倡導律己原則與自我教育，引領學生型塑形象。這些觀點，對於牖迪當前大學生涵養品格、培育軟實力，應有助益。

關鍵字

魏源 ； 人格思想 ； 品格培育

並列摘要

The great Confucian scholar Wei-Yuan released one of his masterpieces 〈Mo-Gu〉during the year of Dao-Xian in the Qing Dynasty. This masterpiece presents the formation of his ideas about the ideal character. Theoretically, this research was based on the ＂heart＂ as the core of moral conduct and self-cultivation. It was value-oriented by managing strength, advantage, and ame through ＂virtue.＂ ＂Humanity＂ and ＂sense of honor＂ were closely related to one another in meaning. His research method also involved theoretical discourse in relation to ＂self-examination＂ and ＂frugality.＂ At the same time, this research engaged in exposure and critique of greedy, shameless, apathetic and shallow people, as well as hypocrites. In Mr. Wei's opinion, the rise and fall of a country is determined by the quality of its personnel rather than the amount in the public treasury, with the standard for evaluating personnel being the degree to which they possess ＂both integrity and capability.＂ Wei's thoughts about character may have inspired people in at least three ways when it comes to college students today. First of all, this research emphasized the importance of ＂nourishing the heart＂ to inspire students to control their feelings. Next, it revealed the core values of cultivation of the mind and the body to guide students and teach them how to cultivate character. Thirdly, this research advocated principles of self-discipline and self-education to guide students and teach them how to form an image. It is hoped that these points of view may be of value in highlighting the cultivation of the character of college students in contemporary society and nurturing soft power, and thus be of benefit to contemporary society.

並列關鍵字

Wei Yuan ； Idea of Character ； Character Training