王維山水詩中的禪宗思想探析

Poet Wang Wei's Landscape Poetry and His Thoughts about Zen

呂昇陽(Shen-Yang Lu)

《南台人文社會學報》 18期 (2018/02) Pp. 75-107

摘要

王維山水詩中的佛禪思想，來自王維生命中的佛禪信仰與造詣，所以在探討王維山水詩所蘊含的禪意之前，必須對王維所處的時代的佛禪思潮，以及王維個人的學佛歷程有所掌握。王維詩歌受禪宗思想影響者，大致可分二種類型，一是一般的「禪理詩」，其藝術價值不高，但可讓吾人一窺王維禪學的造詣；二是山水詩的「禪境詩」，此乃本文討論的重點所在，它是透過山水的感性形象與組成，來寄寓禪理，呈現禪境。本文的研究進路有四，首先是探究王維山水詩中所呈現的隨緣任運的生命境界，次論王維山水詩中所表顯的空寂禪境，然後再從禪宗直觀和審美直觀的交融相即以頓顯現量的真實義，最後則由動與靜的辯證以突顯禪境中的即空寂即靈動。

關鍵字

山水詩 ； 禪境 ； 空寂 ； 直觀 ； 現量

並列摘要

The thoughts regarding Zen in Wang Wei's landscape poetry come from his faith and attainments in Zen. Thus, before discussing the implications of Zen in Wang Wei's landscape poetry, one should look closely at the trends in Zen Buddhism in Wang Wei's era, as well as Wang Wei's Zen educational background. In general, the ways in which Wang Wei's poetry was impacted by Zen can be sorted into two types - the common ＂Zen meditation poetry＂ that, while having limited artistic value, still provides insights into Wang Wei's attainments in Zen, and his landscape related ＂Zen spirit poetry＂, which is the main topic of this assay. Zen spirit poetry deals with mountains and water's metaphorical ability to transmit Zen ideas and express the essence of Zen. In this assay, four directions are adopted to probe further into the topic. First, we discuss the ＂go with the flow mentality＂ in the boundaries of life presented in Wang Wei's landscape poetries, followed by the ＂quiet and deserted＂ Zen prospect in Wang Wei's landscape poetries. Next we integrate the intuitive Zen religious with intuitive aesthetic conceptions to show the real meaning of direct valid cognizance, and finally, the assay, through dialectical views on quietness and movement, which manifest the quiet and deserted aspect of Zen, as well as the spirit of Zen in the environment.

並列關鍵字

landscape poetry ； Zen prospect ； quiet and deserted ； intuition ； direct valid cognizer