從山水之變看盛唐山水畫風

A Study of the Style of Landscape Paintings in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty based on the Evolution of Landscape Painting

呂昇陽(Shen-Yang Lu)

《南台人文社會學報》 20期 (2019/01) Pp. 69-109

摘要

盛唐名家山水畫卷的真跡渺茫難見，所以盛唐山水畫的時代風格也就模糊不清。但是由於近三四十年來，考古事業的發達，透過紀年確定的唐墓壁畫與敦煌壁畫的山水圖像的分析歸納，再將其與畫史文獻對讀，亦可以勾勒出盛唐山水畫風的輪廓，甚至能進一步推測出一些名家如李思訓、吳道子、王維等的作品特徵，這便是探索盛唐山水畫風的意義所在。如何落實盛唐山水畫風的探索？張彥遠的「山水之變」是個很好的切入點，因為從這個視角出發，透過唐代畫史文獻與唐墓壁畫和敦煌石窟的對讀研究，確實可以發現盛唐時期在線條用筆、空間構圖、用色濃淡、水墨暈染與圖式，以及山水畫的母題包括山、水、樹、石的造型與技法都已趨於成熟，而若能有機的統整這些山水圖像則盛唐山水畫風的輪廓便已昭然若揭。

關鍵字

山水之變 ； 盛唐山水畫風 ； 畫史文獻 ； 唐墓壁畫 ； 敦煌石窟

並列摘要

Authentic works of landscape scroll painting from the prosperous Tang Dynasty can no longer be found. As a result, knowledge of the style of landscape painting from this period is blurred and indistinct. However, developments in archaeology over the last thirty to forty years have enabled us to analyze and induce images of landscapes found in Tang Dynasty tomb murals and Dunhuang grotto murals, which have been verified through chronological records, and compare them with literature on the history of painting, allowing an outline of the painting style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty to be derived. Researchers can further infer the characteristics of the works of famous painters such as Wu Daozi and Wang Wei, rendering exploration of the painting style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty even more significant. As for how to explore the painting style in this period, ＂The Evolution of Landscape Painting＂ by Chang Yan-Yuan is an appropriate starting point. From this perspective, and from study of the literature on the history of Tang Dynasty paintings, Tang Dynasty tomb murals, and Dunhuang grotto murals, it can be found that during the prosperous Tang Dynasty, lines, brush strokes, spatial composition, and shading with water and ink had matured, along with the patterns and techniques used in subjects of landscape paintings, including mountains, water, trees, and stone. If these landscape paintings can be organically integrated, a profile of the painting style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty will be revealed.

並列關鍵字

evolution of landscape ； painting style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty ； literature on the history of painting ； Tang Dynasty tomb murals ； Dunhuang grottos