傅翕宗教形象的歷史變遷

六朝時期的宗教奇人傅翕，並非僧侶之流，但卻有不少的僧俗、道士等弟子，雖然少不學間，但卻留下不少的詩歌偈頌，這些詩歌偈頌頗饒禪意，因此被視為禪宗的先驅人物，同時也有一些奇特異行的事跡傳世，據傳是彌勒佛下生，通常以傅大士之名較為常見。傳翕通常被認為是禪宗的先驅人物，而天台宗也認為傅翕的禪觀與天台宗之學頗有相通之處，唐宋之後，又被認為是主張三教合一論者，唐宋以下的語錄中頗喜稱引之，認為他為維摩居士之流的異人，其形像可說是隨著時代的變動而有所轉化。個人在比對各種的傳記資料後發現男一種形象的傅翕，傅翕其實是一位六朝時期江南一地重要的彌勒下生信仰的傳播者，同時在其晚年之時，曾鼓動弟子進行激烈的燒身鉤燈、燃指、刺心洒血、割耳等宗教行為，這些奇特的舉動在後世的傳記資料中大多加以淡化或略過不談。本文則想探討傅翕在江南傳教的過程及其形象轉化的原因。

關鍵字

傅翕；傅大士；燒身；彌勒；居士

並列摘要

Fu Si was a wonder in religion in Six Dynasties. Although he was not a monk, not a few of his disciples were monks and Taoist priests. He had never attended any school; however, he left some jih-suhng(偈頌) rich in Zen flavor. Because of this, he was deemed as a Zen harbinger. Moreover, it understated or omitted completely in most biographies. Nevertheless, this paper was intended to inquire into the process of his missionary work in the southern Yangtze River and the causes of his different images. was said that he came into being as MuLerbuddha, owing to his peculiar behavior. Fu Si had different images in different times. He was considered as a harbinger of Zen, but religious people in the Ten-Tai sect in Tan Dynasty found that his Zen ideas had a lot in common with theirs. After Tan Dynasty and Sung Dynasty, people thought him to be an upholder of sanjiauh- unite(三教合一) 。 After studying different biographies, I found another image of Fu Si. He was a missionary of MuLLerbuddha's dogma in the southern Yangtze River in Six Dynasties. As a matter of fact, in his old age, he even urged his disciples to undergo intense acts of religious rituals, such as body-firing, finger-burning and so on 。 This kind of peculiar acts, however, was understated or omitted completely in most biographies. Nevertheless, this paper was intended to inquire into the process of his missionary work in the southern Yangtze River and the causes of his different images.