社區婦女愛滋病的知識、態度、及衛教需求之調查研究

本研究旨在探討社區婦女愛滋病的認知，態度及自我防護的情形，以台中縣沙鹿、清水、梧棲三鎮的20-64歲已婚婦女為對象，採分層隨機取樣，以結構式問卷為工具、直接訪談的方式共取得750份有效問卷。所得資料利用spss/pc套裝軟體，應用百分比、Frequency、平均值、標準差、T-Test、Anova、Scheffes'事後比較等統計方法處理。受訪者年齡以30-49歲為主，職業以家管最多292人(38.6%)，教育程度則以高中的254人(34.2%)最多，主要知識來源是電視、其次是報紙及雜誌，只有4.6%自認為已具有足夠愛滋病相關知識，80.3%希望能增加相關的知識，但只有20.1%認為要取得訊息是容易的。社區婦女對愛滋病一般性的認知程度不錯，尤其是傳染途徑；自我防護意識高擔心自己及家人會受到感染，對受感染者及發病者的態度普遍是正向的，不認為應該剝奪他們的工作、就學及接受醫療照護的檀益。多數願意出錢出力參與愛滋病的防治工作。研究結果發現知識與態度及自我防護行為間無顯著相關性，態度為影響行的的因素，年齡、教育程度為影響愛滋病知識及態度的因素。

關鍵字

愛滋病；社區婦女；知識；態度；自我防護行為

並列摘要

This study is aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of community women toward AIDS. The research design employed a cross-section sampling approach, targeting 20- to 64-year-old married women in the towns of 沙鹿, 清水, and 梧棲in Taichung county. After acquiring 750 valid responses from structured questionnaires, the data was analyzed by using statistics methods, such as SPSS /PC, applied percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation, T-Test, ANQVA, and Scheffes' simultaneous confidence intervals. The age of the subjects was mainly from 30 to 49 years old. Most of the subjects were housekeepers (292, 38.6%). Most respondents were high school graduates (254, 34.2%). Their primary source of knowledge regarding AIDS was from the television, newspapers, and magazines. There was only 4.6% of the subjects who thought that they had enough knowledge about AIDS, and 80.3% wished that they could have more related knowledge. There was 20.1% of the subjects who felt gaining the information about AIDS is easy The subjects have general perception toward AIDS and most of them realize that blood transfusion s, prostitution, and complex sexual relationships are the leading factors of spreading AIDS. The women were highly conscious of self-protection and concerned about the threat of AIDS upon themselves and their families. Generally speaking, the women held positive attitudes toward AIDS infected victims and believed that patients should have the rights to work, to go to school, and to receive medical insurance coverage (treatment). The women were willing to donate money and participate in AIDS prevention programs. The results showed that knowledge was not the influencing factor for their attitudes and behavior, but it was attitude that influenced behavior. Age and education also affected the amount of knowledge about AIDS and their attitudes.