全國公私立大專院校衛生保健工作現況分析及問題探討

學校衛生保健工作對師生及職員工非常重要，甚至影響全國人民的健康，也影響國家的競爭力。本篇報告是以問卷方式，對於全國公私立大專院校的衛生保健組，針對目前學校衛生保健工作實施概況及執行之困難與建議，採用開放式書面填寫。經由問卷回收、彙整後，將資料作一統整分析。問卷內容包涵學校衛生保健組織系統及衛生保健工作內容二大項，行政組織包括健康中心及學生衛生保健委員會的設置、膳食衛生委員會的設置、學校專兼任護理人員、營養師及駐校醫師的設置、進修部是否設置健康中心等；衛生保健工作內容項目包括有無訂定年度工作計劃、舉辦學生健康檢查、建立廚房工作人員及食物抽檢制度、辦理師生團體保險、辦理專題演講與急救訓練、配合醫師處方給藥及衛保人員是否承辦其他業務等；在執行困難問題中，將〔質化資料〕轉為〔量化資料〕，並以各類問題依制度面、人力、經費、設備、空間和其他問題等分項整理，並針對目前執行狀況及面對之問題，提出具體性的建議，希望對於學校衛生保健工作的執行上，能有所助益。本研究報告包含的學校共有131所，其中公立大學院校35所、私立大學院校30所、公立技專校院12所及54所私立技專院校，問卷回收率達85％。問卷統計結果，在行政組織方面，設置有健康中心及學生衛生保健委員會的學校分別佔99％及77％，聘有專兼任護士及駐校醫師的學校分別站100％及76％，而只有8%的學校有設置營養師。另外，只有27％的學校於進修部設置健康中心，且聘有專兼職人員負責。在工作內容方面，99%大專院校友訂定年度衛生保健工作計畫，有超過95％以上的學校有辦理學生健康檢查、師生急救訓練及專題演講活動，有33％的學校衛保工作人員辦理校內教職員團體保險。另外，有超過95％的學校也將校內團膳衛生檢查、廚房工作人員健康皆納入衛生保健工作範圍。有88％的大專院校衛保人員有承辦其他業務，這些業務包括資源回收、環境消毒、學生平安保險、義工培訓及社團輔導等等，包羅萬象。本次的研究發現，公私立大專院校衛生保健人員各校設置標準不一，而衛生保健人員之工作內容亦有所差異；在執行衛保工作的困難點上，公私立技專校院與公私立大學院校亦有所不同。

關鍵字

學校衛生保健；公私立大專院校；行政組織；衛生保健人員

並列摘要

It is an important issue about school health care for all the faculty, staff, and students because school health care should have a significant effect on the health quality for all citizens and our nation's strength of competition. This research is to summarize current settings of school health care and locate its difficulty by conducting a paper survey. The paper survey includes questionnaire for administrational organization and contents of school health care. Administrational organization comprises the establishment of health center, student health association, food cleanliness association, nursing team, dietician and physician positions, and a health center for continued education department. The tasks of school health care consist of creating annual plan, student health evaluation, rules of random examinations on kitchen workers and foods, group insurance, seminars in health care, first-aid training, pharmacists' coordination with prescription, and unitary work for health care staff. We convert quality information into quantitative database and control survey questions by health care systems, personnel, funding, equipments, and space. We present specific suggestions for current and possible troubles in implementing health care tasks. We survey a total of 131 schools: 35 public and 30 private universities, 12 public and 54 private colleges. The rate of successful completion of this survey is 85%. With regard to administrational organization, the percentage is 99% (77%) for schools with health centers (health care association). It is 100% (76%) for schools having full-time nurses (physicians). There is only 8% of schools that have a dietician position. For health center established with full-time professionals for continued education department, the percentage is 27%. For health care tasks, there is 99% of schools which have designed annual health care plan. It is more than 95% of schools that conduct student health evaluation, first-aid training, and health care seminars. Moreover, group insurance is managed for faculty by 33% of health care staff. We find that it is more than 95% of schools that examine foods regularly and evaluate kitchen workers health conditions. We also find that 88% of schools whose health care staff also undertake recycling, environment sanitation, student insurance, assistance to volunteer training, student organization, and so on. We conclude that the standard of hiring health care workers is varied between private and public schools, and the contents of health care are also inconsistent among schools.