大專院校學生社團幹部社團經營衝突問題之探討

影響國家經濟發展的因素中，負責培育高等教育人才的大專校院能否落實辦學理念，彼此間具有密切的關聯性。在全人教育的宏觀視野下，學生多元化能力的開啟，與提昇國家競爭力，同樣存在必然的相關性。學生就學期間，利用課餘時間參與校園各種社團的活動經驗，更是不可或缺的訓練。因為社團活動的參與，不但可以培養學生組織規劃的辦事能力，也可以訓練自己提前適應未來職場的團隊合作的工作模式。然而大專校園中就讀的學生年紀相仿，社會歷驗及待人接物的處世技巧也相近。在參與社團活動過程中，不管是領導別人或被別人領導，存在組織運作時人與人互動間可能出現的衝突事件，即難以避免。因此，協助學生提昇解決社團運作衝突的能力，即為學務工作人員所需具備的另一項重要的認知課題。本次研究設定組織運作中的衝突屬性，概區分為五大類;分別為利益衝突、價值衝突、認知衝突、實質衝突和感情衝突。除了探討社團經營中最常見的衝突類型之外，對於不同校園學生幹部生態與各校社團衝突類型的相關性，也是本次調查研究工作課題。研究對象共分三部分，第一部分以參與教育部和救國團合辦的「九二年全國大專校院社團幹部研習會」的192位全國大專校院學生社團幹部所進行的分析結果顯示，發現社員由於個人的主觀因素或本位思維，對於社務、活動的了解與解決方式看法不一所導致的「認知衝突」是比較普遍存在的衝突類型;其次為社員對於工作內容或執行方式有所爭論之「實質衝突」。對於全國大專校院社團幹部學生的人口變項(學校屬性、就讀學制、組織屬性、社團歸屬、擔任幹部、性別) ，與各類衝突類型進行差異性分析時，發現學生幹部的人口變項與問卷中所設定的衝突類型並無呈現顯著差異。第二部分以95位北部某科技大學學生社團幹部所進行的分析結果顯示，社團經營中所面臨的衝突類型，如同全國大專校院社團學生幹部所進行的分析結果，「認知衝突」和「實質衝突」仍然是屬於最常見的衝突類型。然而將衝突類型與幹部學生的人口變項進行差異性分析時，僅「幹部性別」與社團經營的衝突事件類型上的「利益衝突」及「實質衝突」存在顯著差異性，換言之，女性幹部在社團經營過程中，感受到的「利益衝突」與「實質衝突」的事情較男性學生幹部高。

關鍵字

大專校院；學生社團；衝突

並列摘要

Whether the higher education system can be achieved is related to the national economic development; similarly, to develop students' versatile abilities has a close relationship with the national competitive ability. It is important that the experience of participating extra-curricular activities is an inevitable training during school years because it can cultivate students' organizing ability and community spirits. In participating the extra-curricular activities, they may always conflict with each other whether or not they are leaders because their age, experience and repartee are nearly the same. Thus, how to train students to solve the problems of conflict becomes an important issue to the staff members in the office of student affairs. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristic of conflict in the organization, such as advantage conflicts, value conflicts, recognition conflicts, fact conflicts and feeling conflicts. Besides, we discussed the culture of cadres on the campus and the relationship of conflicts between the associations. The subjects consisted of 192 staffs of the clubs and the associations, all of whom took part in the seminar of cadres of the clubs and the associations at colleges and universities held by the Minister of Education and Youth Corps in 2003. After a statistical analysis, we first found that because of the difference of personal subjective viewpoints and egoism, the main conflict called a recognition conflict came from the different opinions on club affairs, activities and the ways of solving problems. The second conflict called a real conflict came from their different opinions on the contents of activity or the ways of performance. After a variable analysis, we also found that there was no significant difference in students' population, including the school characteristic, school system, organization characteristic, club affiliation, cadres, and sex. Next, the research was conducted at one of the universities of science and technology in north Taiwan. The subjects consisted of 95 cadres of the clubs. We found that the recognition conflict and the real conflict were the common conflicts existing on the campus. However, after a difference analysis between conflict patterns and cadres, we found that there was a significant difference in the advantage conflict and the real conflict. In other words, female cadres suffered more advantage conflicts and real conflicts than male cadres. Finally, the research was also conducted at one of the institute of technology in middle Taiwan. The subject consisted of 72 cadres of clubs. We found that the younger students who dealt with the activities, budget, and staffs had the advantage conflict most, and that the cadres who had the conflicts in sensitivity had the feeling conflicts. However, they hardly had the recognition conflict. Besides, there was no significant difference between conflict patterns and student population variables.