大專校院學生社團幹部建構本位能力之續探──以全國七所公私立大專校院社團學生幹部為例

社團活動的參與是培養大專院校學生多元化能力的重要途徑。校園中的任何學習經驗或學習規劃，都應該存在協助學生發展未來生涯規劃工作的教育理念。在現今國人對於大專學生職場競爭力普遍存在下降的時候，校園社團活動的發展，針對各類社團更應該有其設定培養本位能力。為達到協助建構學生社團幹部之本位能力之目的，延續之前的研究工作，乃進行本次研究計畫。本次問卷調查時間為中華民國九十二年八月至九十三年十二月約一年半的時間，受訪的大專校院社團學生幹部，含七所公私立大專院校社團幹部學生，人數合計597名。學生幹部屬性含學生會會長、活動中心總幹事、系科學會會長、一般性社團知社長，以及社團中核心幹部等。十八個社團幹部本位能力題目經以主成份法（principal component analysis）抽取特徵值大於1的因素，再以最大變異法（varimax）進行直交轉軸後，共可抽出三個因素，其解是變異量依序分別為18.48%、16.51%、14.70%，累積解釋變異量達49.69%。各因素的信度Cronbach α介於.71～.78之間。根據因素負荷量及題目內涵，各因素按因素負荷量平方和大小依序分別命名為「美工團康」（含美工設計、團康能力）、「活動規劃」（含活動企劃、社團經營、活動行銷、議事規則、經費籌募運用）及「人際溝通」（含人際關係、時間管立、情緒管理、危機處理、表達能力）。就大專校院學生社團幹部本位能力因素之需求程度排序上，大專校院學生社團幹部本位能力因素之需求成度以「人際溝通」最高，其次是「活動規劃」，「美工團康」的本位能力則需求較低。就大專校院學生人口變項在社團幹部本位能力因素之需求程度認知上知單變量變異數分析結果顯示，以學校的屬性而言，「美工團康」和「活動規劃」的社團幹部本位能力需求，私立大學學生比公立大學學生的需求高。科技大學與技術學院學生對社團幹部各項本位能力需求，都傾向較綜合（醫學）大學高。在社團的屬性方面，服務社團大學生對「美工團康」的社團幹部本位能力需求較工作於學藝性社團的大學生需求高；儲備幹部對此本位能力需求也比社長（會長）與幹部的需求高。在學生幹部的性別上，女大學生對社團幹部各種本位能力因素的需求都比男大學生的需求程度高。

關鍵字

大專校院；社團幹部；本位能力

並列摘要

To encourage college students to participate in activities held by student organizations at colleges is an important way to help them develop multiple intelligences. Any educational planning in campus for students' learning experiences should put students' career development into consideration. Especially at the time when the degrading of the college students' competitiveness in the workplaces is widely acknowledged, to cultivate students with the required competences is just a serious issue in the management of college student organizations. In order to help building the required competences for student cadres at college student organizations, this study was further preceded continuing early explorations. The research was conducted in January 2003. The subjects consisted of 597 student cadres from seven public and private institutes (colleges or universities). These cadres are leaders of campus-level student associations, leaders of centers of student activities, leaders of department-level student organizations, leaders of ordinary student clubs, and other core members of student organizations. After factor and reliability analysis, 18 items concerning required competences for student cadres at college student organizations are grouped into 3 reliable factors named ＂competence for arts and group amusement ＂, ＂ competence for activity planning＂, and ＂competence for interpersonal communication＂ with the variance explained percent of 18.48%, 16.51, and 14.70% respectively. In the view of cadres at college student organizations, the most needed competence for them is the factor of ＂competence for interpersonal communication＂, the factor ＂competence for activity planning＂ the next, and the factor ＂competence for arts and group amusement ＂ the least. After the one-way ANOVA test, we found that both factors of ＂competence for activity planning＂ and ＂competence for activity planning＂ are more needed for student organizations cadres at private colleges than public colleges. All factors are more needed at technological and vocational institutes than at comprehensive or medical institutes. The factor of ＂competence for arts and group amusement ＂ is more needed at student organizations of service kind than at student organizations of academic kind, and candidate leaders also deem this factor more needed for student organizations cadres than leaders of campus-level student associations. Female cadres deem all required competence factors more needed for student organizations cadres than males cadres.