失眠的病因、生理病理及治療

The etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of insomnia

蔡璐臻(Lu-Jen Tsai) ； 謝東呈(Dong-Chen Shieh)

《弘光學報》 68期 (2012/12) Pp. 21-37

https://doi.org/10.6615/HAR.201212.68.02

摘要

失眠是一個常見且耗費經濟的健康問題，通常與精神上的壓力有關，且容易造成生活功能缺損及降低生活品質。雖然，近十年來，在失眠的治療上已見到明顯的進步，但仍然無法完全瞭解它的病因。精神生理性因素如壓力、焦慮、及過度覺醒等常被視為失眠的主因，但這些因素所引起的病理生理機轉也無法被詳盡地釐清。本文主要的目的在提供近來對失眠的病因及潛在病理生理機轉的認知，並描述此類睡眠障礙的治療及處理的發展，期望能成為臨床護理人員評估及處理失眠患者的參考資訊。

關鍵字

失眠 ； 生活品質 ； 病理生理機轉 ； 治療

並列摘要

Insomnia is a prevalent and costly health problem that is often associated with psychological distress, functional impairments, and reduced quality of life. Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of insomnia in the last decade, its etiology is still poorly understood. Psychophysiological factors such as stress, anxiety, and hyperarousal are often presumed to play a major role in causing sleep disturbances, but the specific pathophysiological mechanisms of those factors in insomnia has not been well documented. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on our understanding of the etiology and potential pathophysiological mechanisms of insomnia. We also describe the present treatment and management of this sleep disorder.

並列關鍵字

Insomnia ； Quality of life ； Pathophysiological mechanisms ； Treatment

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