父母對兒童預防保健服務知識、態度與利用率之相關性探討

本研究目的旨在探討父母對兒童預防保健服務知識、態度及利用率之概況與相關影響因素。研究探橫斷式調查法，針對彰化縣18家公私立幼稚園大班兒童父母親381位進行結構式問卷資料之收集，再將所得資料以SPSS19.0套裝軟體進行描述性統計(人數、次數、百分比、平均值、標準差)及推論性統計(獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析)分析。結果發現:(1)父母對兒童預防保健服務之知識平均為8.69±2.23(滿分14分)，標準化百分比為62.07%;態度平均為42.10±6.19(滿分55分)，標準化百分比為76.55%；在政府所提供之八次見童預防保健服務中，父母平均利用次數為7.12次，利用率為89.1%。(2)母親年齡愈大、教育程度愈高、父母婚姻狀況為已婚者、兒童出生時狀況為不健康者，則父母對預防保健服務知識愈高；父母親教育程度愈高、母親職業為第二讀者(如：國中小教職等)、家庭年收入愈高、兒童有參加其他保險者，則父母對兒童預防保健服務之態度愈正向；家庭年收入愈高其對兒童預防保健服務利用率愈高。(3)兒童預防保健服務知識、態度與利用率彼此皆呈顯著正相關。經由本研究未來可加強父母對兒童預防保健服務之認知，透過知識改其態度，進而提昇服務利用率。

關鍵字

兒童；預防保健；利用率

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the related factors of parents' on children preventive health services knowledge, attitudes and utilization. A cross-sectional study was conducted, 381 subjects were recruited in Changhua country's public and private kindergarten. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. After collecting data, the SPSS19.0 software package was used. Statistics methods included descriptive statistics (number, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-test, ANOVA number analysis, pearson correlation analysis). The results showed: (1) The mean score of knowledge and attitude was 8.69 ± 2.23 (total score was 14), 42.10 ± 6.19 (total score was 55), and standard percentile was 62.07% and 76.55%. In the government's eight times of children preventive health services, the average was 7.12 times, utilization was 89.1% in this study. (2) The more aged mother, higher education level, married and the children was unhealthy when born, then parents had higher knowledge. Higher education level of parents, mothers' work in class II (ie: teaching in elementary school), higher income and children's had private insurance, then the parents had more positive attitude. Higher family income, then had higher utilization of preventive health services. (3) There were positive correlations among knowledge, attitudes and utilization. The researcher recommended to strengthen the knowledge of children health services, to change their attitudes and thus improve their health service utilization.