基於三分語法框架之現代漢語疑問代詞前後照應句式研究

Study on Chinese Donkey Sentences under the Framework of Three-Dimensional Grammar

邱聖鈞(Chiu, Sheng Chun)

《弘光學報》 89期 (2022/03) Pp. 147-165

https://doi.org/10.6615/HAR.202203_(89).0010

摘要

漢語作為第二語言教學中，如何理解疑問代詞前後照應句式，例如：要多少給多少？本文通過三分語法框架，佐母語語料庫為媒介，對該式進行語法結構、語義特性與語用效果三個方面之探索。綜觀研究成果，句式在語法結構上，依組合段及句子成分搭配，區分為對稱及非對稱二種結構；在語義特性上，組合段表現出條件內部邏輯，以及無條件外部句義；在語用效果上，多數達成承諾及宣告之以言行事行為，且在會話交際中，經常扮演違背合作原則裡方式次則之角色。由此可見，疑問代詞前後照應句式除先行研究指出二個疑問代詞不同之指稱屬性外，亦具備語句整體義及使用特殊性。文末交叉分析通行漢語教材處理疑問代詞前後照應句式之方式及優劣，同時提列數項教學重點，試圖拓展語法研究寬度，並彰顯相關應用價值。

關鍵字

三分語法框架 ； 疑問代詞前後照應 ； 句子成分 ； 條件 ； 以言行事行為

並列摘要

How should a CSL (Chinese as a Second Language) teacher deal with such donkey sentences as ＂Yao duoshao gei duoshao＂ when teaching grammar? In this article, donkey sentences are studied from the framework of ＂Three-Dimensional Grammar＂. Specifically, the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic perspectives are focused, which is supported by L1 authentic corpus data. According to analyses, donkey sentences is found to have several features. Firstly, they are basically categorized into 2 forms, ＂symmetry＂ and ＂asymmetry＂, via a standard of grammatical roles of interrogative pronouns. Secondly, between the compositional part exists an inner semantic relation of ＂conditional＂; further, the holistic sentence displays an outer ＂unconditional＂ meaning. Thirdly, donkey sentences, most of the time, are used as ＂commissive＂ and ＂declarative＂ illocutionary acts; in addition, they act as a role of violating ＂manner＂ matrix of Cooperative Principle. Obviously, donkey sentences are with sentential meanings and specific usages. In the final part of the article, the descriptions and definitions of donkey sentences in CSL textbooks are reviewed. Meanwhile, several cores in teaching them are listed based on the previous and existing studies, in order to demonstrate pedagogical values of linguistic research.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Donkey Sentences ； Three-Dimensional Grammar ； Grammatical Roles ； Conditionals ； Illocutionary Acts

參考文獻

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