蒙特梭利幼兒園教師輔導幼兒「尊重」行為之研究

在少子化背景與教育部積極推動品德教育的影響下。從小奠定良好品德更顯重要。尊重是人際間良好互動的基礎，且蒙特梭利教育的核心強調和平與尊重，本研究目的即在探討蒙氏幼教師對幼兒尊重行為輔導的教學策略與相關因素。邀請新北市心愛（化名）幼兒園且符合蒙氏教育特質的小花（化名）老師為研究對象。採質化研究，利用現場觀察教學策略、訪談、撰寫研究札記收集資料，再進行資料歸納及分析。主要研究結果如下：一、蒙氏幼教師在幼兒出現負向行為之尊重品德教學策略：幼兒出現負向行為之尊重品德教學策略共有九項，包含解釋後說出期望、直接下達命令、口語提示、身教示範、肢體提示、調整個別環境、團體討論、環境提示、體驗反思。二、蒙氏幼教師在幼兒出現正向行為之尊重品德教學策略：幼兒出現正向行為之尊重品德教學策略共有兩項，包含口頭鼓勵、身教示範。三、蒙氏幼教師進行輔導幼兒「尊重」行為之相關考量因素：蒙氏幼教師輔導幼兒尊重行為時，會考量的因素包括：瞭解幼兒有個別差異的發展、自己對幼兒「尊重」的蒙特梭利教育信念及考量「尊重」的教學情境等。本研究依據研究結果提出建議，供對幼兒品德教學感興趣的人士參考。

關鍵字

尊重；蒙特梭利教學；教學策略

並列摘要

Against the backdrop of declining birth rates and the Ministry of Education's active promotion of moral education, early childhood education plays a crucial role in fostering good character in children. Respect is the foundation of positive interpersonal interactions, and the core of Montessori education emphasizes peace and respect. The purpose of this study is to explore the teaching strategies and related factors that Montessori teachers use to guide children's respectful behavior. The study focuses on Ms. Xiao Hua (pseudonym), a teacher at a Montessori kindergarten in New Taipei City, Xin'ai (pseudonym), which aligns with Montessori educational principles. The research adopts a qualitative approach, using classroom observations, interviews, and research notes to collect data, followed by data summarization and analysis. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1.Montessori Teachers' Strategies for Teaching Respect When Children Exhibit Negative Behavior: There are nine strategies for teaching respect when children exhibit negative behavior, including explaining expectations, giving direct orders, verbal reminders, modeling behavior, physical cues, adjusting individual environments, group discussions, environmental cues, and experiential reflection. 2.Montessori Teachers' Strategies for Teaching Respect When Children Exhibit Positive Behavior: There are two strategies for teaching respect when children exhibit positive behavior, including verbal encouragement and modeling behavior. 3.Factors Considered by Montessori Teachers When Guiding Children's Respectful Behavior: When guiding children's respectful behavior, Montessori teachers consider factors such as understanding individual developmental differences, their own Montessori beliefs about respect, and the context of the teaching environment. Based on the research findings, this study provides recommendations for those interested in moral education for young children.