聯合國善後救濟總署與台灣霍亂的防治(1946－1947)

The UNRRA assisted Taiwan in resisting cholera, 1946-1947

許峰源(Feng-Yuan Hsu)

《人文社會學報》 14期 (2013/07) Pp. 229-254

https://doi.org/10.6394/JHSS.201307_(14).0008

摘要

1945年，台灣脫離日本殖民地，轉由中華民國政府接收，成為聯合國善後救濟總署援助的中國區域之一。戰時，台灣遭美軍轟炸，醫療院所毀壞，衛生環境惡劣。光復後，公共衛生體制崩壞，很多絕跡的傳染病－鼠疫、天花、霍亂等，紛紛復發。1946年，霍亂疫情告急，3,809人遭感染，2,210人罹難，死亡率達58.02%，引起社會恐慌。台灣省行政長官公署及民政處衛生局加強港口檢疫、強化防疫事務，以抑制霍亂。然台灣缺乏醫療資源，幸賴聯合國善後救濟總署無償供應醫藥與疫苗接種，增強人體免疫力。另外，聯合國善後救濟總署外籍專家、善後救濟總署台灣分署工作團隊透過工賑模式，爭取地方勞動力，致力環境清潔、水源淨化工程，使地方遠離髒亂，擺脫霍亂危機。

關鍵字

台灣 ； 聯合國善後救濟總署 ； 行政院善後救濟總署台灣分署 ； 霍亂

並列摘要

This article focuses on the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (URRRA) how to assist Taiwan to resist this intractable infectious diseases-eholera, from 1946 to 1947. After the end of World War II, the government of the Republic of China took over Taiwan. During the war, Taiwan suffered severe bombing, resulting in destruction of the medical institutions, poor sanitation and hygiene practices, together with the people of Taiwan from the Japanese colonial weakening, many infectious diseases have a comeback. Among them, the most serious is the cholera epidemic. In 1946, the cholera epidemic in an emergency, a total of 3,809 people infected with epidemic diseases in Taiwan, 2,210 people were killed, the mortality rate of 58.02%, has aroused a great deal of turmoil. At the time, the Republic of China was the member states of the UNRRA, and then got a lot of material assistance. Taiwan was a province of China, and thus obtained a lot of supplies to help from the international organization. In 1946 Taiwan was able to get rid of the invasion and the threat of cholera, mainly thanks to the assistance of the UNRRA, for example injury free access to food and medical aid, especially the general public free get the inoculation of cholera vaccine to enhance the body's resistance. These international cooperation in health and medical assistance for the resource-poor postwar Taiwan, like a timely rain to dampen the flames of cholera ignited. In addition, the foreign experts of the UNRRA together with the team of the CNRRA's Taiwan Branch worked further through work relief mode, fight for local labor efforts in environmental cleaning and water purification projects, various places away from the dirty environment, and the Taiwan finally could get rid of the cholera crisis hit again in 1947.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； UNRRA ； CNRRA's Taiwan Branch ； cholera