王安石、黃庭堅詩歌關係探論－以六言詩為中心

歷來論宋詩發展之高峯，常以「王(安石，1021-1086)、蘇(軾，1036-1101)、黃(庭堅，1045-1105)」並舉，以明王安石等三人卓越的詩歌表現。或亦有「蘇、黃」之譽，一則以明黃庭堅源出「蘇門(四君子)」二人亦師亦友；一則以揭示蘇詩「奔放」、黃詩「峭勁」適足以呈現宋詩兩大表徵。至於「王、黃」並舉，探討二人創作關係之議題，則較少論及，此撰文動機之一。其次，以六言詩體為例，王安石之作雖僅四首，卻享「絕代銷魂」之讚；黃庭堅有六十九首，撰作時間具體集中於元豐三年(1080)與元祐元年(1086)兩時間點，王安石詩是否具有示範性作用王、黃二人在六言詩創作上有無關係，亦值得探討。本文擬以六言詩體為中心，先述六言詩之起源與發展，繼而分從藝術手法、情感嚮慕兩層面，探討王、黃創作之關係，藉此以彰明黃庭堅對王安石道德文章的接受與肯定。

關鍵字

六言詩；王安石；黃庭堅

並列摘要

When it comes to the high climax in the development of the Song Poetry、 scholars often center their researches on the poems of Wang Anshi (王安石，1021-1086), Huang Tingjian (黃庭堅，1045-1105), and Su Shi (蘇軾，1036-1101), highlighting their great contributions and artistries shown in Song Poetry. Many of the comparative studies of Song Poetry, however, tend to focus on the poems of only Su Shi and Huang Tingjian - partly for the purpose of exemplifying Su Shi 's artistic influence on Huang's poetry, as well as the friendship between both poets. These comparative studies are surely well-justified in the sense that while the poems of Su Shi are generally considered highly expressive in terms of sentiment and emotion, those of Huang Tingjian are vigorous and powerfully effective - and these characteristics most typically demonstrate different facets of Song Poetry. With most discussions focusing on the poems of Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, very little attention has been paid to reading comparatively the poems of Wang Anshi and Huang Tingjian. This essay, therefore, aims to explore the possible poetic relationship in the creative processes of Wang Anshi and Huang Tingjian, specifically and most conspicuously shown in their six-character poems (六言詩). Admittedly, Wang Anshi only wrote four six-character poems in his whole life , yet they are all uniquely beguiling and unrivaled among his contemporaries. Huang Tingjian's six-character poems, on the other hand, amount to sixty-nine and were mostly written in two different years - 1080 and I086. The adjacency in terms of composing time for both poets makes one curious about their possible poetic connection and wonder whether Wang's six-character poems set up a poetic/artistic standard for Huang Tingjian This essay will begin with the origin and the early development of six-character poetry as a literary genre and then explore the possible connections during the creative processes of Wang Anshi and Huang Tingjian in order to demonstrate Huang Tingjian's reception and acknowledgment of Wang Ansh's poetics and his philosophy.