族譜的對接與應用－「閩西十三天」徐氏譜的溯源與傳承

臺海兩岸民間存有大量族譜，源遠流長的族譜記載著一個家族的繁衍與遷移過程。透過姓氏堂號與宗祠對聯、開基地点、世代長短、郎名類別、漢字排輩導的比對分析，對探討族譜溯源與傳承，具有很大意義。江西石城的徐鶴齡世系，是許多閩粵台徐姓宗親的先祖。鶴齡傳子七郎，遷居達域，七郎傳一、二、三郎。一郎傳天惠，二郎傳天付、天龍、天與、天麟、天受、天騏、天祥、天估、天慶、天錫、天明、天賞，共十三個堂兄弟，族人稱之為「閩西十三天」。元末明初十三天後裔逐漸從閩西遷移到粵東及其他地區，清初又從閩粵遭到台灣、湖廣、四川等地。他們的分布遍及達城北團及賴源、永定陳東及初溪、蕉嶺長潭及三圳、五華粘坑、豐順湯坑、揭西下砂、陸河河口、海豐梅隴、博羅低田、桃、竹、苗各鄉鎮市區、屏東麟洛及泰國曼谷等地方。目前有超過半數的「閩西徐氏十三天」譜系，已隨時間漂流遺失了。近年因電信交通快速發展，經由田野調查及網路通訊的方式，對族譜的蒐集、整理、與研究，又顯得生機勃勃了。本文就「閩西十三天」譜系的流失與增生、溯源與傳承問題，提出個人見解。

關鍵字

東海堂；族譜溯源；族群遷徙；閩西十三天

並列摘要

Genealogical albums recorded the breeding and migration processes of a family in the past few hundred years. These albums exist on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Typical conservative elements in the genealogical record include the names of ancestral halls, the rhyming couplet/clan scrolls, founding location, number of descending generations, seniority ranking of the first name and so forth. These elements are of great significance in the event of docking pedigrees that are yet to be identified. About 800 hundred years ago, Heling Hsu founded ShiCheng county of JiangXi during the late Song dynasty. He was widely accepted as the ancestor of most Hakka Hsu clans. He was survived by 13 great great grandsons who were all given the first name of Tien, ie., TienHui, TienFu, TienPa, TienLin, etc. These 13 cousins settled in western Fujian (MinXi), and were generally recorded as ＂13 Tiens of MinXi＂. About 600 hundred years ago, some descendents of the 13 Tien migrated to eastern Guangdong, and about 250 years ago they again moved to Taiwan. The contents of Hsu's genealogical albums vary from place to place. They differ in their length of period and completeness of records. However, if they were originated from the same family of Heling Hsu, most of the conservative elements should meet the requirement of a stem pedigree.