委員會決策參與影響因素之探析－社會鑲嵌的觀點

Explanatory Factors of Decision Participation: The Perspective of Social Embeddedness

王光旭(Guang-Xu Wang)

《政策與人力管理》 3卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 75-117

https://doi.org/10.29944/PPM.201212.0003

摘要

在多數政治環境中，決策可被視為是集體行動的產物，現下流行的委員會治理（committee governance）現象，更是一種在行政部門內部強化社會參與，調和各方利益的集體決策機制。過去對於集體決策的研究，大多都以理性的概念為核心，探討個人在理性驅動下的產出決策。不過，本文認為決策並非全然是理性的產物，更多時候，反而是理性與非理性因素交互作用的結果。本文乃從Granovetter 的社會鑲嵌（socialembeddedness）觀點出發，認為決策參與行為通常鑲嵌於決策者所加入社會網絡的關係結構裏，以致決策產出的結果諒必反映結構的特質，而非僅僅只是理性與技術的產物。本論文以台灣中醫與牙醫健康保險總額支付委員會為討論集體決策的分析案例，從社會網絡的觀點與分析工具，透過委員的社會網絡問卷以及出席資料的蒐集，以委員的社會關係網絡為自變項，並以委員的決策參與為依變項進行討論，本研究乃回答委員會集體決策機制的網絡特質，常出席的委員又是什麼社會關係背景的委員？有什麼樣的社會關係因素會影響決策參與？分析影響委員參與決策的因素對於強化委員會的運作在實務管理上的重要性。

關鍵字

公共政策 ； 集體決策 ； 健保總額支付委員會 ； 社會網絡分析 ； 社會鑲嵌性

並列摘要

Decision making is a collective action rather than an individual option. In literature, collective action can be symbolised as a network. For understanding the process of decision making it is important to understand as to how people make decisions and the factors to influence the decisions. Studies demonstrate that decisions are not made in isolation but they are the products of influence and confluence of social correlates. Social network studies of decision making focus the research analysis on the dynamic social interactions between actors embedded in collective action scenarios. This study attempts to apply the SNA to study the structural characteristics and the impact factors of decision participation in the Chinese Medicine and Dental Global Budget Payment Committee’s decision -making mechanisms. In regard to research methods, social network questionnaire survey and literature review have been used to collect data. In conclusion, first, these two committees are different in the structural characteristics of four social networks. Second, with regard to the impact factors, the analysis shows that social networks of these committee members have critical influence in decision participation.

並列關鍵字

Public policy ； Collective decision-making ； Global Budget Payment Committee ； Social network analysis ； Social embbeddedness