毒癮司法戒治效果之性別差異研究

Gender differences in drug addiction treatment under judicial supervision in Taiwan

劉子瑄 ； 楊士隆

《藥物濫用防治》 1卷1期 (2016/06) Pp. 1-26

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.2016.1.1.1

摘要

女性藥物成癮者與男性藥物成癮者無論是在藥物成癮與再犯之危險因子、治療與預防復發之保護因子、戒癮處遇所遭遇之障礙皆有所差異，例如，資源有限、心理疾病、須照顧孩子與家庭責任等問題，影響女性藥物濫用者參與戒癮治療之療效。除此之外，女性藥物成癮者與男性藥物成癮者對於治療之需求亦不盡相同(NIDA,2010)。因此本研究著重於性別差異與強制戒治之成效與限制，期能深入了解強制戒治之有效性與其限制，並針對其戒癮處遇之限制提出建議，供實務單位參考。有鑑於此，本研究以數項指標針對台灣司法機構內處遇進行成效評估研究。研究參與者包含男性362名，女性107名，共計469名研究參與者。研究結果發現:1.入所戒治後，兩組在依附一般家人與一般朋友依附程度均顯著提高，且兩組對藥癮朋友之依附程度均降低。2.入所戒治後，女性受戒治人組社會心理層面與工作層面之生活品質顯著高於男性受戒治人組。3.入所戒治後，女性受戒治人組戒除毒癮之動機顯著高於男性受戒治人組。4.女性受戒治人組之健康品質與工作品質均顯著提高。本研究建議男性與女性藥物成癮者之需求不同，應實施符合各自需求之戒癮方案，以提升其戒癮效果。

關鍵字

毒品 ； 性別差異 ； 成效評估

並列摘要

The effectiveness of substance addiction treatment programs is a challenge to authorities. However, the effectiveness of the treatment by gender has not been empirically verified. In response to the issue, this study attempts to evaluate gender differences in drug addiction treatment under judicial supervision treatment models by gender. This study uses a sample of 362 male addicts and 107 female addicts recruited from a substance addiction treatment centers. Information was collected from the subjects on (1) family attachments; (2) social attachments; (3) addiction severity index; and (4) quality of life. This study finds that both groups' family attachments and social attachments improve after treatment, while addictive behaviors are lessened after the treatment. Moreover, after treatment, the effects of deducing the attachment to addicts' family member and friends, are statistically significant. However, in term of health quality and personal independence quality significantly improved only after treatment of the female group. The authority should strengthen therapies such as MET and CBT to promote addicts’ internal motivation for quitting substance addiction. Besides, the authority should develop gender-specific treatment to enhance the effectiveness of treatment.

並列關鍵字

substance addicts ； gender difference ； effectiveness