以GIS驗證分析毒品犯罪區域分布特性之研究－以新北市為例

A Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Drug-related Crimes Based on GIS: A Case Study of New Taipei City

陳錦明(Chin-Ming Chen) ； 劉育偉(Yu-Wei Liu)

《藥物濫用防治》 5卷1期 (2020/03) Pp. 75-109

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.202003_5(1).4

摘要

毒品犯罪是萬國公罪，而毒品的犯罪問題向來都是有增無減，基於新北市相較於臺灣各縣市之人口數、毒品犯罪之案件數及犯罪人口數而言，均為六都之冠，本文遂以新北市毒品區域分析為樣本，以「地理資訊系統或地理空間資訊系統」（Geographic Information System or Geospacial Information System，簡稱GIS）為工具，並透由大數據（海量資料）分析彙整歸納出犯罪地圖，據以分析該市之毒品犯罪分布特性，以提供區域毒品犯罪防治之參考。藉由區位及人口特性之探析後發現，在人口特徵部分，毒品犯罪人均以國、高中教育程度較多，另以有經濟壓力大、謀生較困難，及以體力工作人員居多，而居住地區均以中、低收入戶之中、南部外來人口為主﹔在區位地理研究發現，新莊等13個行政區之16個里呈現高密度聚集區趨勢及20個里之次高密度聚集區趨勢﹔而查獲毒品犯罪之熱時段以20-24時最高，16-20時居次；此外，研究分析也發現板橋區、三重區及中和區等之高密度聚集區域有移轉、擴張趨勢，至蘆洲區、土城區、樹林區及永和區等區，則有移轉、擴散及消散狀態；本文亦具體建議，應整合串接各部會巨量數據及資料庫，建構科技防衛城，結合「雲端智慧巡邏車」等專利性科技智慧化設備，強化科技整合等監偵功能，以提供警政機關勤務規劃及策略制定之參考。

關鍵字

毒品 ； GIS ； 區域分布 ； 地理空間 ； 新北市

並列摘要

Drug-related crime is a crime under universal jurisdiction. In Taiwan, the drug-related crime has been constantly increasing. The comparison of the resident population, drug-related crime and the total crime case number in various counties and cities clearly indicates that New Taipei City stands on top of each perspective among the six major cities in Taiwan. This article adapts drug-related crime location of the New Taipei City as an analysis target intending to draw a crime map by incorporating GIS (Geographic Information System or Geospacial Information System) and big data analysis. Based on the map, the distribution characteristics of drug-related crime can serve as reference of drug crime prevention and control in the city. The study also shows that, in terms of demographic characteristics, drug offender population is mainly consisted of the high school-educated and working-class with economic pressure and difficulties in earning a living; in addition, they are predominantly the middle and low-income class immigrants from central and southern Taiwan. Geographical research in New Taipei city’s 13 administrative districts, such as Xinzhuang , in further, demonstrated 16 townships with high-density clusters and other 20s with sub-density. In time distribution, the drug-related crime peaked from 8 p.m. to 12 a.m. and followed by between 4 p.m.-8 p.m. Moreover, the analysis found that the high-density clusters of Banqiao, Sanchong, and Zhonghe district have the tendency of migration and expansion; and those of Luzhou, Tucheng, Shulin, and Yonghe showed migration, diffusion and dispersion. This article also highly suggests that the massive data and databases of various ministries and departments should be integrated to build up a scientific and technological guarding city. By combining with the patent-technology intelligent equipment, such as ＂cloud-connected smart patrol vehicles＂, the integration will further enhance surveillance efficiency. The overall research aims to provide incorporated information for government authorities' planning and strategy to fight the drug-related crime.

並列關鍵字

drugs ； GIS ； regional distribution ； geospatial ； New Taipei City