對牟宗三華嚴宗詮釋的方法論反思

A Methodological Reflection Toward Mou Zong Sang’s Interpretation to Hua Yien School

杜保瑞(Bau-Ruei Duh)

《華嚴學報》 4期 (2012/12) Pp. 21-49

摘要

本文討論牟宗三先生對華嚴宗的詮釋意見，並進行方法論的反省。牟先生為當代新儒家最重要的哲學家，一生建立較勁中西、辯證三教、歸宗儒家的新儒學理論。無論西方哲學以及道佛哲學，都經過他的詮釋、比較而用作高舉儒家的資糧，就佛教哲學而言，牟先生最看重天臺，他以天臺圓教為佛學的最高峰，華嚴宗在他的詮釋下，只是講出一套佛法身自我展示的超越卻隔離於現象世界的體系，不能照顧現象世界，不是佛學的圓滿義，只是佛身自己的絕對清淨而已。天臺宗則即無明即法性即三千大千世界而成佛，通過三諦圓融，使現象世界即清淨世界，證入佛境而不捨一法，唯最終仍是性空系統而不絕對創造世間，以此別異於儒學的創生實有系統。筆者以為，牟先生對華嚴的理解有誤，本文之作，即是要指出，華嚴佛身法界是以佛智入世間，現象世界在佛眼中一切根本清淨，所有眾生之生命歷程即是一個個成佛運動的歷程，眾生最終必可成佛，任一眾生之成佛必是主體絕對清淨，此事非關捨棄眾生，現象世界皆是虛妄的國土，佛學系統也無須保住世間，這不是佛教哲學需要的理論，這是牟先生以儒家標準對佛教華嚴學的批評。

關鍵字

牟宗三 ； 華嚴宗 ； 天臺宗 ； 法界緣起

並列摘要

This article focuses on discussing the interpretation of Hua Yien School by Mou Zong Sang, and reflecting his methodology. Mou Zong Sang is the most important philosopher in Modern Neo Confucianism. He compares Western and Eastern philosophy, argues between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, finally come up to Confucianism. He introduces Western philosophy, Taoist and Buddhist philosophy in his own way. Always, he has some misunderstanding about them, and all of these contribute to his Confucian philosophical construction. In his Buddhist interpretation, he highly recognizes Tian Tai School and takes it as the best system among all the Buddhist Schools. Comparing with Tian Tai School, although Hua Yien School suggests the universal system in Buddha dharma body, however Mou thinks which is transcendence but lost the real world. Since this Buddha dharma can't take care of the empirical world, therefore, it's not the perfect end of Buddhist theory, only talks about a complete image of Buddha dharma body. In his understanding of Tian Tai School, the original unawareness and the ultimate wisdom are mutually belonging to each other's, and the Buddha raises himself in all the worlds. By the practice of wisdom, Buddha makes all the empirical worlds becoming purifying ones without anyone being rejected. However, Buddhist philosophy dose not purposely create the world but leave the emergence of life by accidently activity of originally unawareness, thus differs itself from Confucianism. The author thinks that Mou Zong Sang's understanding of Hua Yien School is incorrect. This article is going to point out the idea of Dharma world at Hua Yien School is under the eyesight of Buddha's wisdom; in his eyes, the phenomena worlds are all clean and pure. The process of all sensitive life is on the way to become Buddha, and every creature will become Buddha at final. Thereafter, when creatures become Buddha, he must be absolute pure, and this doesn't matter with the abandon of the ordinary creatures. Empirical worlds are all in illusion and will at end destroyed by nature, Buddhist philosophy should not built some theory to protect it. This protection in unnecessary in Buddhism, it is a critic by the theoretical stander of Confucianism.

並列關鍵字

Mou Zong-Sang ； Hua Yien School ； Tian Tai School ； Dharma world development