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華嚴長者李通玄的《華嚴經》觀

Li Tongxuan’s Viewpoints of Avatamsaka Sutra

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摘要


李通玄,作為和法藏同時而略晚的華嚴信仰者,其對《華嚴經》也有深入的研究,其大作《新華嚴經論》,洋洋百萬餘言,是解釋80卷《華嚴經》的力作。本文以李通玄對《華嚴經》的處會場所、思想與修行結構的看法為基礎,分析其《華嚴經》觀的基本內容,勾勒出與法藏《華嚴經》觀不同的地方。首先,李通玄對《華嚴經》場所結構的看法與前人有所不同,不認同舊譯《華嚴經》分為三十四品,新譯《華嚴經》分為三十九品的說法。在他看來,《華嚴經》應當分為十處十會共四十品。這十處十會是:第一菩提場會,第二普光明殿會,第三升須彌山頂會,第四升夜摩天會,第五升兜率天會,第六升他化自在天會,第七升三禪天會,第八給孤獨園會,第九覺城東大塔廟處會,第十于一切國剎及塵中一切虛空法界會。同八十卷《華嚴》的七處九會相比較,李氏增加了三處說法,即升三禪天會、覺城東大塔廟處會和于一切國剎及塵中一切虛空法界會。原九會中三處普光法堂會,李通玄將它們合為一處,另外還增加了說法時於三個地方的三次聚會,共為十處十會。對於這個提法,李通玄也分別從經典、邏輯以及其他劃分法存在的錯誤等角度提出了自己的理由。其次,李通玄分十個方面對《華嚴經》各品理論內容作了分類和總結,既有思想和理論的提煉,同時也有對品會的涵括,應當說是他的獨創。李通玄雖對法藏的解釋多有參照,但法藏似沒有類似的分法。法藏總結的「十玄門」說法更強調了《華嚴經》的整體特點和圓融性,和李通玄的對《華嚴經》思想結構的概括不同。最後,李通玄還從修行角度對《華嚴經》進行了解釋,這和上一節思 想結構的分類有類似之處,但也有不同。他的兩種十門分類,對《華嚴經》各品的安排不同。前一種十門側重於經的理論內容,將菩薩修行階位十信、十住、十行、十回向、十地、等覺等各立一條,詳加說明;後一種十門則將十信、十住、十行、十回向、十地壓縮在一門中予以闡述。前十門中,《入法界品》簡單地用「令凡入真」加以概括;後十門中,《入法界品》則分為四門,並對其中善財五十三參格外重視,以很長的篇幅給予論說。由此也可以說,前十門是李通玄的《華嚴經》思想結構觀,後十門是李氏的《華嚴經》修行結構觀。

並列摘要


Li Tongxuan, as a lay Buddhist in Tang dynasty, has a very different view on "Avatamsaka Sutra" with Fazang , the third ancestor of Avatamsaka sect. First of all, in the structure of "Avatamsaka Sutra", Li tongxuan does not agree with the old translation of "Avatamsaka Sutra" is divided into thirtyfour articles, the new translation "Avatamsaka Sutra" is divided into thirty-nine articles. In his view, "Avatamsaka Sutra" should be divided into Ten-places Tenparties, all in forty articles. Second, "Avatamsaka Sutra’s" ideological structure t is classified and summarized in ten aspects by Li Tongxuan. It should be said that is his original. Li Tongxuan referred to Fazang’s ideas a lot, but at this point, their views are different, Fazang’s "Shi-Xuan" is more emphasized on the overall characteristics and harmony, and Li Tongxuan’s summary focuses on the different structure of thought. Finally, in practical perspective, Li Tongxuan presents a ten-classification of Avatamsaka Sutra , similarly to the ten Ideological structure's classification in formally ,but the arrangement is different. In this part, he focuses on "Gandhavyha section", an article of "Avatamsaka Sutra".

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