漢文傳統與鸞堂信仰：以埔里地區的鸞堂為例（1895－2010s）

The Tradition of Han Language and the Belief of Phoenix Halls: Case Study on the Phoenix Halls in Puli (1895-2010s)

王志宇(Wang Chih-Yu)

《臺陽文史研究》 6期 (2021/01) Pp. 121-141

摘要

日治初期鸞堂大興，埔里鸞堂也在此波發展中，逐漸興盛。而日治時期進入埔里地區絳帳設教傳授漢學的詩人，如施梅樵、陳子敏、陳春林等，他們在埔里傳授漢學，教導了許多學生，其中如王梓聖、陳南要等人，也是埔里一地鸞堂的鸞生。這些鸞生將漢學在鸞堂中發揚光大，鸞堂的活動與漢學結合。日治末期，埔里的鸞堂受到政治的影響而停鸞，但戰後在國民黨的國語政策下，鸞堂的活動結合漢學傳統，重新振新。鸞堂在其活動中，開始開設漢學班傳授漢文。鸞堂扶鸞結合漢學的結果，以詩詞化世成為埔里鸞堂的發展面向，這一發展也呈現在埔里的鸞書之中。日治時期，埔里的鸞書開始出現批判西風東漸的論述，此一論述雖非鸞書內容的主流，但斷斷續續的批判一直延續到1972年，此後在埔里的鸞書未再出現，轉而回到修心養性的道德訴求。此一方面與臺灣的現代化有關，一九五○到一九六○年代間，臺灣不僅實施了九年國民義務教育，新文化的發展似成定局。另一方面大陸的文革，也促使臺灣方面開始強化國學，鸞堂及相關文人在此影響下，儒家經典的根基，已不若日治時期一般危如累卵，鸞堂轉以強調儒家經典的修身作用，勸鸞生時時不忘修身養性，改變惡習為主。從埔里一地鸞堂與漢文傳統的發展與變化，實可看到此種新舊文化傳統的衝突與轉變，在宗教方面看來，此種變化有其脈絡可循。戰後埔里的鸞堂至今仍然活躍，其發展可說是受到日治時期幾位重要詩人進入埔里，傳授詩學，影響了鸞堂中人，並由王梓聖、陳南要等鸞生，結合鸞教加以發揚光大的結果。

關鍵字

埔里 ； 鸞堂 ； 漢文 ； 傳統 ； 歐風東漸 ； 鸞書

並列摘要

The number of Phoenix Halls increased in Taiwan during the early period of Japanese rule, and the Phoenix Halls in Puli were also gradually developed. In the same time, some poets such as Mei- chiao She, Ju-min Cheng, and Chung-lim Cheng came into Puli to teach students sinology. Some of their students such as Ju-san Wang and Nam-yao Cheng were also the members of the Phoenix Halls; they developed the sinology in the Phoenix Halls with the activity of the Flying Phoenix. At the end of the Japanese rule, the activity of the Phoenix Halls was stopped under the political pressure. After 1945, the Phoenix Halls rose again because of the language policy of KMT. The Han language (Chinese) was taught in the classes of the Phoenix Halls, and the students who could only read Japanese had an opportunity to learn Chinese. The use of Chinese poetry to introduce sinology to the general public became the feature of the activity in the Phoenix Halls in Puli. The support to sinology was also shown in the Flying Phoenix Books in Puli. During the Japanese rule, criticism about how Western culture had invaded the East can be found in the Flying Phoenix Books; such criticism continued to appear until 1972, although it never became the theme. Hereafter, with modernization of Taiwan, the subject of the Flying Phoenix Books returned to discuss how one can cultivate his morality. During the process of Taiwan's modernization, the nine-year compulsory education was carried out around 1950s to 1960s and therefore set up the solid foundation for a new form of culture. Besides, the Cultural Revolution in China prompted the scholars in Taiwan to support study of Chinese Classics. The members in the Phoenix Halls realized that the Confucius Classics were no more in danger and therefore they turned their focus to moral cultivation promoted in those classic books. They encouraged their members to never forget about cultivating their moral character and to get rid of their bad habits. The change and development of the Phoenix Halls in Puli and Han tradition reveal the clashes between and the turn from the old to a new culture. Such change can be explained from a religious viewpoint. The popularity of the Phoenix Halls in Puli has been well developed since 1945; it began with the significant poets who entered Puli to teach the members poetry and sinology, and prospered with promotion of the belief of Phoenix Halls by its members such as Ju-san Wang and Nam-yao Cheng.

並列關鍵字

Puli ； Phoenix Halls ； Han language ； Tradition ； the Western Culture ； Flying Phoenix Book