漢語聲調在篇章辨義中的重要性

語音和聲調都是漢語母語者辨義的要素，再加上說話時語境的支持，人們方能和彼此溝通。在某些情況下，說話者常常不經意的將話說得太快。一旦語速過快，字與字之間的界線不明，語音便難以為人所理解。同理，錯誤的聲調同樣也會造成語義的誤解。為了凸顯聲調辨義對漢語母語者的重要性，本文設計了一個聽辨實驗，前句語音正常用以提供語境，後句有不同的語音錯誤，錯誤類型如下：刪除聲母、刪除韻尾或一半韻母、聲調錯誤。此外，句中還包括專業術語或成語。實驗旨在探究在語境的輔助之下，語音和聲調何者是漢語母語者辨義時優先考量的對象。文中分析了不同錯誤類型句子的正確率、逐字正確率、錯誤率高的字，並提出可能的原因。再經SPSS統計運算後，發現刪除韻尾或一半韻母的句子正確率最高，刪除聲母的正確率次之，聲調錯誤的句子正確率最低，結果達到顯著。所以，可以知道漢語母語者辨義時，聲調是不可或缺的重要因素。專業術語因其特殊性，所以正確率吻合錯誤類型的實驗結果；而成語則因為漢語母語者的敏銳度，即使有不同的語音錯誤也不影響成語的辨識，所以成語聽辨反而不受語音錯誤影響，維持高正確率。

關鍵字

篇章；漢語聲調；辨義；聽辨實驗

並列摘要

Both pronunciation and tone are essential elements for Chinese native speakers to identify different meanings. Based on contextual support, people can communicate with each other effectively. However, the boundaries between words can become unclear when people speak too fast in some specific situations, and the resulting unclear speech can leave listeners confused. In addition, incorrect tones can also result in misunderstanding. In order to emphasize the significance of both pronunciation and tone for Chinese native speakers, this paper designed a listening differentiation experiment. Participants completed three types of sentences with the following errors: no consonants, half vowels or no codas, and incorrect tones. We then examined the rates of correct and incorrect answers. The results found that sentences with incorrect tone had the lowest correct answer rate, and sentences with half vowels or codas had the highest correct rate, with statistically significant difference. Therefore, tones are essential for Chinese native speakers in distinguishing word meanings. Additionally, because most Chinese idioms are familiar to Chinese native speakers, participants could recognize them easily and correctly no matter which error types appeared in the sentence.

並列關鍵字

discourse ； Mandarin tones ； meaning distinguishing ； perception experiment

國際替代計量

漢語聲調在篇章辨義中的重要性

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