晚清楊文會《論語發隱》中的逆格義詮釋

Late Qing Dynasty foreign language will be ＂The Analects hair hidden＂ in the interpretation of nigeyi

張曉芬(Xiao-Fen Zhang)

《國防大學通識教育學報》 6期 (2016/07) Pp. 145-159

摘要

自清朝鴉片戰爭（1840）開始，中華民族則面臨了前所未有的挑戰與危機。這亦是一個由封閉走向開放，由專制走向民主，由農業社會走向現代化工業社會的轉折期。圍繞著「中國何處去」的歷史問題，當時中國思想界思潮紛湧，不再是中國的「經學主義」掛帥，西方的自由、民主、科學思潮蜂起，也激起當時有志之士救亡圖存。有志之士所面臨的不僅是近代中國在社會政治層面的危機，更是近代中國人在生命價值意義上的危機。在此中西文化衝突等重重危機下，可貴的是中國佛教如奇葩興起，以其傳統文化的形式與姿態，重新為人們找尋生命的意義與安頓。然中國佛教發展至清代，其學理已衰微，高僧不多，但在此時，佛學卻出現一個新的振興的局面，為近代中國帶來一股不可忽視的思潮，尤其對當時一些銳意的社會改革者影響甚鉅，如：今文學家康有為（1858-1927）、譚嗣同（1865-1898）、梁啟超（1873-1929），乃至古文學家章太炎（1869-1936）等學者，幾乎皆以「佛學」做為救世救心的依託，乃至重建我國近代道德價值觀的思想內容。然這些具有佛家大無畏、捨己救人的思想源頭，是來自於楊文會（1837-1911）佛學的影響，這位為世人譽為「中國近代佛教復興之父」者，在中國近代佛教思想史上扮演著承前啟後的重要角色。今在學術上，其佛學思想大多已有些微的研究，然對其個別著述鮮為探索，在此本論文針對其《論語發隱》的佛學思想做「逆格義詮釋」之專門研究。

關鍵字

經世致用 ； 居士佛學 ； 楊文會 ； 《論語發隱》 ； 逆格義

並列摘要

Since the Qing Dynasty Opium War (1840), the Chinese nation is facing unprecedented challenges and crises. This is also a from closed to open, from the dictatorship to democracy, from an agricultural society to modern industrial society transition period. Around historical issues, ＂Chinese where to go＂, when intellectual thoughts flooded into China, China is no longer a ＂Confucian doctrine＂ in command of Western freedom, democracy, scientific thoughts uprisings, was also stirred lofty ideals for national salvation. People with lofty ideals are facing not only a social crisis in modern Chinese political level, it is the crisis of modern Chinese people on the value of life. In this Western Cultural Conflict and other crises, such as valuable is the Chinese Buddhist wonderful rise of its traditional culture in the form and attitude, again for people to find the meaning of life and settling in. However, the development of Buddhism to China in the Qing Dynasty, has its theoretical decline, little monk, but at this time, but the emergence of a new Buddhist revitalization of the situation, for the modern Chinese brought a trend of thought can not be ignored, especially when some of keen very huge impact of social reformers, such as: this writer Kang Yu-wei(1858-1927), Tan (1865-1898), Liang Qichao (1873-1929), as well as the ancient writer Taiyan (1869-1936) and other scholars, almost tailor ＂ Buddhism ＂as the basis of salvation to save the heart, and even rebuild the ideological content of modern moral values. However, these have courageous Buddhist, thought the source of self-sacrifice, from Yang Wenhui (1837-1911) influence of Buddhism, this is the world as the ＂father of modern Chinese Buddhist revival,＂ who, in the history of Chinese Modern Buddhism plays an important role in the past and. Today Academically, it has been mostly Buddhist Thought slight research, and then to explore their individual writings fresh, in this paper, this research being done ＂nigeyi interpretation＂ for which the ＂Analects hair hidden＂ Buddhist Thought.

並列關鍵字

statecraft ； lay Buddhist ； Yang will ； ＂Analects hair hidden＂ ； nigeyi