佛教「善惡倫理」的普羅教化－論《占察善惡業報經》中現實關懷與內在超越

＂Buddhist Ethics Concerned with Good and Evil＂ for the Average People - Discourse on Concerns about the Real Life and Inner Transcendence in the Sutra on the Divination of the Effect of Good and Evil

張曉芬(Chang Hsiao-fen)

《國防大學通識教育學報》 9期 (2019/09) Pp. 53-67

摘要

什麼是倫理？一般而言，倫理是處理人與人之間相互關係所應遵循的道理、準則。佛教倫理是佛教學說的一個重要組成部分，是佛教實現人生解脫的基本信念與方法。佛教倫理涉及到人與佛的關係、人與人的關係以及人與自我的關係，其中心是按照佛教要求，善待佛法、佛、僧人、眾生，並完善自我的精神境界以成就佛教理想人格。《占察善惡業報經》是《地藏三經》中一部經，天竺三藏菩提燈譯，其內容有事有理。由於末法眾生善惡業報，複雜萬狀，且佛法哲理高深微細，一般人多無法了解其中真諦，因此，這是佛陀特別指示一種善巧方便，即是以占察輪相方式占察眾生善惡業報，來幫助眾生獲得善惡業報的究竟，藉此悔過向善，此乃是隨順眾生應機而起的現實關懷，對眾生的普羅教化，讓眾生知曉其善惡業緣果報，而能有所戒與定，轉向「正道」之途。另外，在此經下卷亦提出所謂的「一實境界，兩種觀行」提升修持的次第，不僅是改變自身命運，更是將負能量轉變成正能量的超越。佛由人成，常樂我淨。

關鍵字

占察善惡業報經 ； 占察輪 ； 一實境界 ； 唯心識觀 ； 真如實觀

並列摘要

What is ethics? Generally speaking, it refers to moral principles or standards that people follow as they interact with others. Buddhist ethics is not only one of the important parts in Buddhism but the core belief and method to attain the enlightenment. For example, the truth of the path in The Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path are not merely the essence of Buddhist ethics but methods to gain nirvana in real life. Speaking of Morality and Wisdom in the Three Fold Training, especially Wisdom is the teachings about cultivating morality. Buddhist ethics is the rules that prescribe how a person is to relate to Buddha, others and himself. Based on Buddhist fundamental teachings, the core belief is to value Dharma, Buddha, Sangha as well as all living beings and to accomplish Buddhist personality by leveling up mindset. Thus, Buddhist ethics is both secular ethics and transcendental ethics of secularism. Translated by Tripitaka Master, the Sutra on the Divination of the Effect of Good and Evil, one of Three Sutras of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, reveals the law of cause and effect. It is hard for common people to comprehend the complexity of good and evil karma as well as the profound Buddhist philosophy, so merciful Buddha particularly urged Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva to instruct skillful means to help living beings turn over a new leaf by contemplating good and bad karma. In accordance with the living beings, it shows the concern for real life. What’s more, by revealing the law of cause and effect, it encourages living beings to cultivate morality and wisdom and finally walk on the right path. Moreover, in the volume 2 of the sutra, it points out ＂One true realm; two paths of contemplation＂ to enhance the level of practice. The theory not merely changes your destiny but turns the negative energy into positive energy. Hence, will there be peace and harmony in the world if people bring positive energy into their life and love their neighbors as themselves? That is, the world transforms into a pure land. Desire to succeed should be as great as desire to help others. From this perspective, people would finally attain Buddhahood, the realm of permanence, bliss, self and purity. In other words, everyone can be a Buddha. This thesis aims to explore the concern for the reality and inner transcendence as well as to steer discourse on Buddhist ethics concerned with good and evil.

並列關鍵字

The Sutra on the Divination of the Effect of Good and Evil ； the contemplation on cyclic existence ； one true realm ； contemplation on mind-only ； contemplation on thusness