臺灣新冠肺炎（COVID-19）防疫策略與策略之探討

Taiwan Policies and Strategies of Pandemic Control during COVID-19

周香君(Shan-jin Chou)

《國防大學通識教育學報》 11期 (2021/12) Pp. 79-93

摘要

2019年底，新冠肺炎（COVID-19）從中國武漢，蔓延到全世界。臺灣首當其衝，病毒快速傳播到每個社區，造成嚴重的感染，醫療體系十分緊繃，經濟蕭條。然而，臺灣因應SARS汲取慘痛經驗，累積成寶貴公共防疫經驗，在應對新冠肺炎，政府有超前佈署，成立政府完善之指揮體系，爭取時間，有效控制疫情蔓延，使本土病例無增加，經濟逐步開放，解除三級警戒，人們便能提早恢復平日的正常活動。因防疫成功，臺灣人民享有一年多的「正常生活」，直到今年五月，病毒捲土重來，三級警戒再次實行，傳染率大幅提升、死亡率攀升、經濟活動大大受其影響。第一，本文將政府對臺灣新冠肺炎的政策及策略分成兩個時間點探討，（1）自2019年底，從武漢蔓延至全世界，到2021年5月，試圖探討政府如何在第一次遏止新冠肺炎的傳播，成為國際公認的防疫模範生；（2）2021年5月迄今，病毒捲土重來，死亡率曾在全球之上，來探討防疫破口後，政府防疫失策，如何弭補及改進之處及臺灣攜手與全世界抗疫，加入WHO的必要性。第二，最後將以危機處理觀點的彈性工程理論，來探討政府在以上述兩個階段控制新冠肺炎的政策與策略，其成效與啟示。

關鍵字

COVID-19 ； 彈性工程理論 ； 政府超前佈署 ； 緩慢疫苗購買政策 ； 普篩 ； WHO

並列摘要

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 spread from Wuhan, China to the world in December 2019, Taiwan was one of the first countries to bear the brunt. The virus quickly spread to every Taiwanese community, causing serious infections, medical system almost collapsed, and economic depression. Due to such a variant virus, the spread was not totally controlled and economic activities or even a normal day life was not allowed to continue. However, Taiwan has learned painful experience in response to SARS and accumulated valuable public epidemic prevention experiences. As a consequence, in response to COVID-19, the Taiwanese government has advanced deployment and established a comprehensive government command system to buy time and effectively control the spread of the epidemic, so that there was not a high increase of local cases and the economy was gradually recovering since May 2020. Due to the success of the epidemic prevention, the people of Taiwan enjoyed a ＂normal life＂ for more than a year. Not until May 2021 did the virus return and was the three-level alert implemented again. This fast spread of the epidemic caused high mortality and another economic depression. In this paper, first it will be divided into two stages to study the policies and strategies of the Taiwanese government against coronavirus. First stage starts with the spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan to Taiwan in December 2019 until May 2021 when Taiwan was internationally recognized as a model for combating COVID-19. Second stage starts from May 2021 until the present time, discussing the government's failure to prevent the epidemic, how to make up and improve it as well as the importance for Taiwan to join WHO. Second, this test will analyze from the perspectives of crisis management based on Resilience Engineering theory to discuss the government's policies and measures to control the pandemic, its effectiveness and influence.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； Resilience Engineering ； government advanced deployment ； nationwide testing ； slow vaccine policy ； WHO