民國三年本《達摩寶傳》所展現之民間信仰意涵與祖師形象析論

《達摩寶傳》為清末民初流傳民間的教派寶卷，目前可見的版本眾多，也有許多異名，據此，本文蒐集七種版本，透過比對，發現《達摩寶傳》就其內容可進一部歸納成三類：《達摩寶卷》、《達摩祖卷》與《達摩寶傳》。在主旨內涵上，三者並無殊異，然就內容情節而言，《達摩寶傳》增添了度化宗橫道人的情節，因此與《達摩寶卷》、《達摩祖卷》差異較大。《達摩寶傳》整體的思想架構是無生老母遣派使者救劫度化的母題，因此是民間宗教化用祖師西來東土的故事以宣揚自我教義。卷中主要透過武帝問禪、楊胭脂虛假求道、度化神光與宗橫道人的情節，揭露俗世虛假，唯有透過融合三教之無字妙法煉化身軀，才能超脫生死回歸淨土。扣合回歸無生家鄉的主題，《達摩寶傳》中的祖師被塑造成一超凡入俗的傳法者。祖師屢屢展現超凡的神通，即是為了能夠入於俗世。祖師以入俗的外相辯證聖俗，充滿禪意機趣，也呈現出寶卷的庶民性；祖師入俗的本心，顯示不忘傳法的本懷與引度的使命，相較以往僧傳、通俗小說中的塑造，《達摩寶傳》中的祖師形象可說是另一次的轉變。

關鍵字

達摩；《達摩寶卷》；《達摩祖卷》；《達摩寶傳》；無生老母

並列摘要

Bodhidharma Baozhuan is a scripture in certain religious sects, a.k.a. Baojuan 寶卷. It spread in China in the 20^(th) century. There are many different versions of Bodhidharma Baozhuan. Building on that, this article collected seven of the versions for comparison, and sorted them into three categories: Bodhidharma Baozhuan 達摩寶傳, Bodhidharma Baojuan 達摩寶卷 and Bodhidharma Zujuan 達摩祖卷. The purport among three versions is almost the same, yet there are some discrepancies within these three versions in the plots, especially for Bodhidharma Baozhuan. In general, the motif of Bodhidharma Baozhuan is the Eternal Unborn Mother's doomsday rescue 無生老母救劫思想, which apparently is the folk religion using Bodhidharma's story to publicize its doctrine. In view of the above, Bodhidharma becomes a secularized preacher in Bodhidharma Baozhuan: he undertakes the mission of salvation which is appointed by Eternal Unborn Mother. His conversation comes with both Chan spirits 禪意and secularities. Apart from this, he uses his divine power to guide people to break away from the world of mortals. Comparing with the past, the image of Bodhidharma in Bodhidharma Baozhuan is very distinctive, and this folk text definitely deserves certain attentions.