展轉與卷攝－以《華嚴經關脈義記》與澄觀《華嚴經疏》為比較

Development and Envelopment: The Comparison between Huayanjing Guanmai Yiji and Chengguan's Avataṃsaka Commentaries

林益丞(Lin, I-Cheng)

《中華佛學研究》 22期 (2021/12) Pp. 31-66

摘要

「展轉」與「卷攝」，原本在《華嚴經關脈義記》中，是為了表示經文態勢的多變，分為展轉無盡勢、卷攝相無勢、卷展無礙勢與問答取之文勢，共四勢；但到了澄觀（738－839）《華嚴經疏》中，成為解釋經題的其中幾種方法。澄觀並依據晉、唐兩譯的文本差異，以及展、卷的表現特徵，在細節過程有所改易。透過兩書的論述，法界、經題與經文的展、卷跨越了無相的法界與有相的教說，呈現由真如流出經教以及事理無礙的義理；經文與經文間的展卷則展示《華嚴經》事事無礙、重重無盡的特色。澄觀賡續《關脈義記》部分內容的同時，又加入「一心」的概念，合會禪、教，拯濟時弊，使得經題的解釋不致淪於玄理的空談，而是可資實踐的止觀行法。如此一來，「大方廣佛華嚴經」七字經題的意義愈加深廣，無所不包，它既是整個法界，亦代表毘盧遮那佛的理、智與修行歷程的因、果，又是整部《華嚴經》義理的濃縮，甚至可以是華嚴行者悟入法界的修行方法。

關鍵字

展轉 ； 卷攝 ； 《華嚴經關脈義記》 ； 澄觀 ； 《華嚴經疏》

並列摘要

In Huayanjing Guanmai Yiji華嚴經關脈義記, development展轉and envelopment卷攝originally refer to the variation of content, including the variation of development, the variation of envelopment, the diverse variation of the nonduality of development and envelopment and the variation of questions and answers. In the Avataṃsaka Commentaries華嚴經疏by Chengguan (澄觀), however, development and envelopment became ways to explain sutra titles. Chengguan composed the Avataṃsaka Commentaries on the basis of differences between two versions of translation in the Jing and Tang dynasties respectively as well as features of development and envelopment. By comparing these two books, the development and envelopment of ＂Dharma realm-Title-Content＂ strides across the formless Dharma realm and formable doctrines that present the teaching derived from bhūtatathatā真如, the nonduality of appearances事事無礙and the nonduality of appearances and reality事理無礙. While continuing on parts of the Huayanjing Guanmai Yiji, Chengguan brought in the concept of ＂one-minded＂ 一心to intermingle the essence with the teaching so as to rectify malpractices. This makes the explanation of sutra title to be a means of implementing both samatha (serenity) and vipassana (insight) rather than an idle doctrine. As a result, the Mahā-vaipulya-buddhâvatamsaka-sūtra refers to a sutra title with broader and more comprehensive meaning. It equals to the entire Dharma realm, representing principle and gnosis of the Mahā-vairocana as well as cause and effect of the practice. In addision it's also the essence of the Avamsaka-sūtra and an approach of understanding the Dharma realm for Huayan practitioners.

並列關鍵字

Development ； Envelopment ； Huayanjing Guanmai Yiji ； Chengguan ； Avataṃsaka Commentaries

參考文獻

《大方廣佛華嚴經》，T09, no. 278。(本文佛典引用主要是採用「中華電子佛典協會」（Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association, 簡稱 CBETA）的電子佛典集成，2018 年。)

《大方廣佛華嚴經》，T10, no. 279。

《大方廣佛華嚴經疏》，T35, no. 1735。

《大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔》，T36, no. 1736。

《妙法蓮華經玄義》，T33, no. 1716。