Mahamaitri in a Mahayana Sutra in Khotanese - Continuity and Innovation in Buddhist Meditation

由于闐之大乘經典談大慈－佛教禪修的延續與創新

Giuliana Martini

《中華佛學學報》 24期 (2011/07) Pp. 121-193

https://doi.org/10.6986/CHBJ.201107.0121

摘要

此篇論文討論于闐文《贊巴斯塔之書》第三章有關慈心的研究，此章相當於佛華嚴經中之《大方廣佛華嚴經修慈分》。首先它檢視了《贊巴斯塔之書》的結構與內文的關係，並分析其禪修與辨證關係，以對應其無緣慈與無分別智的哲學背景。此禪修特質的問題在於強調思惟與觀想方面，整合四大的運用及極微作為慈心的基礎。同時考量早期佛教傳統的延續與創新，以現代緬甸的南傳傳統禪修四大為例；于闐文本中以大慈心說明此修行，由此探究此教法的解脫意涵、修行的大乘目標及禪修觀想之道，並指出文本中與說一切有部或瑜伽行派在教義上之相容元素。

關鍵字

《贊巴斯塔之書》 ； 佛華嚴 ； 四大 ； 大慈心 ； 于闐佛教

並列摘要

This article is a study of loving kindness meditation as presented in the third chapter of the Khotanese Book of Zambasta in the light of its Chinese parallel, the Da fangguang fo huayan jing xiuci fen 大方廣佛華嚴經修慈分 (T 306), a Buddhavatamsaka (Fo huayan 佛華嚴) work. Chapter three is first assessed in relationship to the structure and content of the Book of Zambasta. It is then analyzed in terms of its meditation dynamics and dialectics, against its philosophical background of objectless loving kindness (Skt. analambana-maitri) and nonconceptual knowledge (Skt. nirvikalpaka-jnana). The peculiarity of the meditation practice in question is a marked emphasis on the conceptual and visual aspects integrated with the use of the four elements and particles of physical matter as the basis for a loving kindness suffusion. Aspects of both continuity and innovation with respect to earlier Buddhist traditions are taken into account, as well as an example of four elements meditation as taught in a contemporary Burmese Theravada tradition. The practice is described in the Khotanese text as one of 'great loving kindness' (Skt. mahamaitri): the soteriological implications of this statement and the way the Mahayana goal and vision inform practical aspects of meditation are explored, and elements pointing to doctrinal compatibility of the text with a Sarvastivada/Yogacara milieu are also singled out.

並列關鍵字

Book of Zambasta ； Buddhavatamsaka ； Four Elements ； Great Loving Kindness ； Khotanese Buddhism

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